APUS CHFD411 FINAL EXAM (PERFECT ANSWER)

Question

Question 1 Which is least likely to be considered an indication of problem behavior in youth?

A . A behavior is excessively intense .

B . A behavior is qualitatively atypical .

C . A behavior is unusual but of no harm to anyone .

D . A behavior is exhibited in inappropriate settings .

Question 2 Alicia’s mother is worried because although Alicia’s behavior seems much like that of her peers, Alicia misbehaves relative to the setting she is in .  Alicia’s mother is concerned that her daughter is not meeting

A . gender norms .

B . situational norms .

C . regression norms .

D . developmental norms .

Question 3 Human development is best viewed as

A . always occurring in stages .

B . changes in individuals due to environmental influences .

C . change in persons over time due to the interactions of many variables .

D . quantitative rather than qualitative growth .

Question 4

________________is another term for cause .

A . Effect

B . Theory

C . Paradigm

D . Etiology

Question 5 Risk factors

A . can be biological, psychological, or social .

B . are best conceptualized as being mostly biological .

C . are best conceptualized as characteristics of the individual .

D . are best viewed as independent factors that do not affect each other .

Question 6 Resilience is best defined as

A . a person’s characteristics that protect him or her from negative outcomes .

B . characteristics of the environment that protect a person from negative outcomes .

C . one or more factors that work with risk factors to produce a disorder .

D . one or more factors that protect a person in the presence of risk factors for a disorder .

Question 7

______________ refers to the processes that facilitate or hinder reactivity .

A . Goodness of fit

B . Self-regulation

C . Inhibition

D . Emotion

Question 8 Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine are all examples of

A . bodily humors .

B . synaptic clefts .

C . neurotransmitters .

D . growth hormones .

Question 9 A toxic substance that may cause damage to the developing fetus is known as a

A . placenta .

B . barrier .

C . teratogen .

D . diathesis .

Question 10 Operant conditioning emphasizes the __________ of behavior .

A . unconscious aspects

B . consequences

C . interpretation

D . symbolism

Question 11 A depressed child views herself as less capable than her peers, whereas others do not view her this way .  This is an example of

A . cognitive deficiency .

B . cognitive distortion .

C . thought disorder .

D . protective cognition .

Question 12 The most common form of child maltreatment is

A . emotional maltreatment .

B . neglect .

C . physical abuse .

D . sexual abuse .

Question 13 Why is it valuable to randomly select persons from the population of interest to participate in a research study?

A . Participants will feel they have been treated fairly, which can positively affect the study .

B . It increases the chance that the participants will represent the population .

C . It ensures that the participants will be of the same age .

D . It ensures reliability of measurement .

Question 14 ______________ assumes that participants have the right to control the degree to which personal information can be disclosed .

A . Informed consent

B . Beneficence

C . Non maleficence

D . Confidentiality

Question 15 If an individual is given a global assessment of functioning score of 30, which of the following is likely true?

A . The individual is exhibiting superior functioning .

B . The individual has some impairment in almost all areas .

C . The individual has generally good functioning with difficulty in only a couple of areas .

D . The individual is uncooperative and functioning cannot be determined .

Question 16 The term comorbidity refers to

A . a child meeting the criteria for more than one disorder .

B . two children in a family having the same disorder .

C . a child and parent having the same disorder .

D . two disorders having some of the same cause .

Question 17 _______________ refers to groups of disorders that are thought to share certain psychological and biological qualities .

A . Dimension

B . Classification

C . Spectrum

D . Syndrome

Question 18 A ________________ describes behaviors that tend to occur together .

A . diagnosis

B . syndrome

C . dimension

D . spectrum

Question 19 Which of the following statements regarding diagnostic labels is part of the concern with the impact of such labeling?

A . Diagnostic labels have a social impact as well as a clinical and scientific purpose .

B . Diagnostic labels do not influence observer expectations regarding the child who is labeled .

C . Diagnostic labels do not help to provide adults with an explanation or understanding of the child’s behavior .

D . Diagnostic labels do not lead to generalizations about the characteristics of all children receiving a particular label .

Question 20 Which of the following is accurate regarding the diagnosis of social phobia in an adolescent?

A . The adolescent will not recognize that the fear is excessive or unreasonable .

B . The distinction between normal and abnormal social anxiety may be particularly difficult .

C . The disorder is likely overdiagnosed in adolescents diagnosed in this age group .

D . Young people with social anxiety are typically on anxious in one or two social situations (e . g . , meeting new people or performing in front a group) .

Question 21

Heather is a 13-year-old who has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder .  It is likely that Heather

A . exhibits anxiety concerning one particular kind of situation .

B . has excessive concerns with her competence and performance .

C . has symptoms that are likely to be transitory (short term) .

D . does not show other signs of significant impairment in her functioning .

Question 22 A(n) __________ is a discrete period of intense fear or terror that has a sudden onset and reaches a peak quickly .

A . anxiety attack

B . compulsion

C . panic attack

D . parathesia

Question 23 A(n) _______ is usually defined as an event outside of everyday experience that would be distressing to almost anyone .

A . panic attack

B . obsession

C . trauma

D . parathesia

Question 24 In order to diagnose OCD:

A . obsessions must be related to dirt and germs .

B . the obsessions and compulsions must be highly time consuming and interfere with life .

C . a child must have both obsessions and compulsions .

D . parents and children must agree that there is a problem .

Question 25 The most prevalent form of affective disorder among children and adolescents is

A . bipolar disorder .

B . cyclothymia .

C . dysthymia .

D . major depressive disorder .

Question 26 Depression with onset in ______ is most similar to adult forms of the disorder .

A . preschool

B . early school age

C . preadolescence

D . later adolescence

Question 27 The ____________ perspective attributes depression to low social competence, cognitive distortions, and low self-esteem .

A . psychoanalytic

B . cognitive behavioral

C . biological

D . family systems

Question 28 Susie’s mother abandoned her when she was 5 years old .  Now at age 8, Susie thinks that she has little control over her environment .  This is an example of:

A . anaclitic depression

B . learned helplessness

C . hopelessness

D . projection

Question 29 Regarding pharmacotherapy for childhood depression,

A . research supports the superiority of antidepressant medications in prepubertal children and adolescents .

B . antidepressant medications have well-established guidelines for administration with youngsters .

C . antidepressant medications are established as being safe for youngsters .

D . selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the medications most likely to be recommended .

Question 30 Ana is 17 years old and experiencing a persistent elevated mood .  She feels like her thoughts are racing .  Ana reports that she needs less sleep than she did before .  She has been buying an extensive new wardrobe and has been involved in sexual relations with several older men .  She is doing poorly in school and is in conflict with her family and friends .  Ana would most likely be diagnosed, according to DSM-V, as experiencing a

A . major depressive episode .

B . manic episode .

C . dysthymic episode .

D . masked depressive episode .

Question 31 The term delinquency is primarily employed to refer to

A . a juvenile who has committed an act that would be illegal for adults as well .

B . a juvenile who has committed an act that is illegal only for juveniles .

C . a juvenile who has committed an act that would be illegal for adults as well or an act that is illegal only for juveniles .

D . a psychological condition – it refers only to a juvenile who has committed an illegal act because of emotional problems .

Question 32 An 11-year-old youngster has, for about a period of one year, frequently exhibited the following behaviors: loses temper, refuses to follow requests or rules, deliberately annoys others, and easily annoyed .  He would likely receive a DSM-IV diagnosis of

A . attention-deficit disorder .

B . oppositional-defiant disorder .

C . overt conduct disorder .

D . early-onset conduct disorder .

Question 33 Bobby, a 13-year-old boy is seen at a clinic .  He displays the following behaviors: deliberate destruction of others’ property, lying to obtain favors, staying out at night without permission, and frequent truancy from school .  These behaviors have all been present during the past year and are ongoing .  His parents report that this pattern began when Bobby was 9 years old .  Bobby would likely receive a DSM-V diagnosis of

A . oppositional-defiant disorder .

B . conduct disorder, childhood-onset .

C . conduct disorder, adolescent-onset .

D . oppositional-conduct disorder .

Question 34 Which of the following is an example of relational aggression?

A . Purposefully leaving a child out of some activity

B . Spitting on a another child

C . Threatening to beat up another child

D . Shoving a child into a locker

Question 35 The adolescent-onset pattern of conduct-disordered behavior

A . is a less common developmental path than the childhood-onset pattern .

B . is less likely to result in arrest than someone the same age with a childhood-onset pattern .

C . is characterized by less aggressive behavior than the childhood-onset pattern .

D . has a larger proportion of males than the childhood-onset pathway .

Question 36 Executive functions include

A . planning and organizing .

B . respiration .

C . heart rate .

D . hunger and thirst .

Question 37 Which subtype of ADHD is characterized by lethargic, daydreamy behavior?

A . Predominantly inattentive

B . Predominantly hyperactive

C . Predominantly impulsive

D . Combined type

Question 38 Which class of medications is most commonly used in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder?

A . Antidepressants

B . Antipsychotics

C . Tranquilizers

D . Stimulants

Question 39 Jimmy has been diagnosed with expressive language disorder .  We would thus expect Jimmy

A . to have problems in understanding what others say to him .

B . to speak in simplified, sometimes incorrect, sentences .

C . to have age-appropriate vocabulary .

D . to respond atypically to the speech of others, almost as if he were deaf .

Question 40 Which of the following is an example of a receptive language skill?

A . Babbling

B . Combining vowel sounds

C . Using pronouns

D . Following commands

Question 41 The most appropriate time for identifying writing disorder probably is

A . when the child begins to try to draw and color .

B . when the child enters school, that is, about five years of age .

C . about 8 years of age .

D . about 14 years of age .

Question 42 Assessment of learning disabilities

A . usually occurs in mental health clinics and hospitals .

B . usually occurs by preschool age .

C . requires a battery of tests to evaluate general intelligence and specific academic skills and achievements .

D . typically has placed the most emphasis on evaluating the child’s motivation and social environment .

Question 43 Danny displays mild intellectual disability .  Thus, Danny

A . has an IQ in the 35-40 to 50-55 range .

B . will probably achieve no more than second grade academic skills .

C . will probably attend a residential school .

D . will probably achieve adult vocational and social skills for self support .

Question 44 Project Head Start is an example of a(n)

A . direct instruction program .

B . genetic mapping project .

C . early intervention program .

D . job placement program .

Question 45 Research on the developmental course of autism has revealed that

A . for most children the symptoms of autism are not evident until about age 6 .

B . regression occurs in less than 5% of cases .

C . symptoms rarely persist into adulthood and most individuals with autism live independently .

D . higher intellectual ability is associated with better outcomes .

Question 46 Asperger’s disorder is characterized by:

A . significant language delay .

B . deficits in intelligence .

C . problems in social interaction .

D . adaptive behavior deficits in all areas .

Question 47 An example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia is

A . lack of emotion .

B . lack of goal-directed behavior .

C . disorganized speech .

D . language that contains little information .

Question 48 Obstructive sleep apnea is

A . rare in children in adolescents .

B . treated with stimulant medication .

C . easily recognizable by parents and professionals .

D . characterized by loud snoring, pauses and difficulty breathing, restlessness and sweating during sleep .

Question 49 Which of the following interventions for the problems of bedtime refusal, difficulty falling asleep, and nighttime wakenings are supported by research?

A . Punishment

B . Bedtime routines .

C . Scheduled awakenings

D . Pharmacological treatments .

Question 50 Current knowledge regarding the etiology of obesity suggests that

A . psychological factors are primary .

B . biological factors are primary .

C . social factors are primary .

D . the causes are probably multiple and complex .

 

 

 

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