hromboplastin time Vitamin International normalized ratio (INR) Hematocrit Question 2 Which of the following statements about loop diuretics is false?...

QuestionAnswered step-by-stepPHARMACOLOGY Question 1Which of the following laboratory studies is used to monitor the therapeutic effects of wartarin CoumadesaPTT activated partial thromboplastin timeVitaminInternational normalized ratio (INR)Hematocrit Question 2Which of the following statements about loop diuretics is false?a. Increase renal blood flowb. Decrease blood volumec.Increase sodium excretiond. Decrease calcium excretion Question 3This ACE has the shortest half-life and therefore must be dosed more frequentlya.ramiprilb. perindoprilc. enalaprild. captopril Question 4The nurse is assessing the patient before administration of a cardiac glycoside. Which of the following conditions can predispose patient to digitalistica. Hyperemiab. Hypokalemiac. Hypocalcemiad. Heart failure Question 5The antipemic (Ezetrol) is a newest drug. Which of the following describes how it works?By inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the small intestineBY preventing resorption of bile across from the small intestinesBy activating lipase. Which breaks down cholesterolBy inhibiting HVG-CoA reductese Question 6Which type of antidiarrheal medication works by decreasing the intestinal musde tone and peristalsis of the intestines? ?a. Lubricantsb. Intestinal flora modifiersc. Loperamide or immodiumd. Adsorbents Question 7When should the nurse administer acarbose (Glucobay), an 29??17glucosidase inhibitor?a. Once daily at bedtimeb. 30 minutes after breakfastc. With the first bite of each main meald.30 minutes before breakfast Question 8When should pancrelipase be administered?a. With every meal and snackb. With breakfast onlyC. 4 hours before bedtimed. 2 hours after meals Question 9When should the nurse administer acarbose (Glucobay), an 29??17glucosidase inhibitor?a. Once daily at bedtimeb. 30 minutes after breakfastc. With the first bite of each main meald.30 minutes before breakfast Question 10Which antidiabetic acts mainly through blocking the enzyme that degrades glucagon-like peptide 1?a. Insulinb. Sitagliptinc. Metformind. Lantus Question 11which statement by the patient reflects the need for additional patient education about the calcium channel blocker diltiazem?a. this drug may cause my blood pressure to drop, so I should be careful when getting upb.when the long acting forms are taken, the drug cannot be crushedc. I understand that food and antacids can’t change how well I can absorb this drug when I take it as a pilld. I can take this drug to stop an attack of angina Question 12In the management of acute ischemic stroke within how many minutes from symptom onset should alteplase be administered?a. 12 hoursb. 3 hoursc. 6 hoursd. 8 hours Question 13Which of the following statements about warfarin is false?a. Initially decreases protein C levelsb. Full effect takes 6-8 hours to manifestc. Increases the risk of osteoporosisd. Effects are increased by H2 receptor antagonists Question 14A patient who has type 2 diabetes mellitus is scheduled for a laparoscopy and has been NPO since midnight. She is concerned about her medications being held. What is the nurse’s best action regarding the administration of her oral antidiabetic drug?a. Hold all medications as ordered and explain that because she is NPO administering medications may cause hypoglycemiab. Contact the physician for further orders.C. Give her the medication with a sip of water.d. Give her half the original dose. Question 15The nurse is teaching a patient who has a new prescription medication: propylthiouracil. Which statement by the nurse is correct?a. Take this drug in the morning on an empty stomach.b. This drug is given to raise the thyroid hormone levels in your blood.c. There are no food restrictions while on this drug.d. You need to avoid foods high in iodine, such as iodized salt, seafood and soy products Question 16A patient is being discharged to home on a single daily dose of a diuretic. To avoid unnecessary disruptions to the patient’s daily routine and sleep patterns, at what time does the health care provider instruct the patient to take the dose?a. At bedtimeb. At noonc. With supperd. In the morning Question 17Which class of medications for GERD acts directly to neutralize stomach acid?a. Antacidsb. H2 receptor antagonistsc. Proton pump inhibitorsd. Bismuth subsalicylate Question 18Which of these laxatives has the most rapid onset of action, but should be avoided in patients with renal failure?a. Docusate Sodiumb. Sodium phosphatec. Psylliumd. Senna Question 19How does psyllium work as a laxative?a. Stimulation of enteric nervous systemb. Moves water rapidly into colonc. Blocks peripheral mu receptorsd. Absorbs water to form emollient and distend colon Question 20A patient is taking warfarin to treat / prevent further thrombotic events. However, the clinician notes that the patient is taking a drug that reduces the effect of warfarin and, consequently, the target INR. Which of these medicines is the patient taking?a. Metronidazoleb. Sulfamethoxazolec. Clarithromycind. Carbamazepine Question 21When should the nurse administer acarbose (Glucobay), an 29771?glucosidase inhibitor?a. Once daily at bedtimeb. 30 minutes before breakfastc. 30 minutes after breakfastd. With the first bite of each main meal Question 22Desmopressin is preferred over vasopressin due to its higher affinity on V2 receptors, which causes what effect?a. Increased diuresisb. Renal vasodilationC. Pressor effectd. Reduced diuresis Question 23A patient is beginning anti-lipidemic therapy (such as a statin drug). What food should the nurse tell the patient about when discussing possible drug-food interactions?a. Dairy productsb. Grapefruit juicec. Oatmeald. Licorice Question 24This ACEi has the shortest half-life and therefore must be dosed more frequently.a. captoprilb. perindoprilc. ramiprild. enalapril Question 25A patient on acarbose experiencing hypoglycemia would require administration of which carbohydrate?a. Starchb. Sucrosec. Complex carbohydratesd. Glucose Question 26This ACEi has the shortest half-life and therefore must be dosed more frequently.a. captoprilb. perindoprilc. ramiprild. enalapril Question 27A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 diabetes has been treated for pneumonia for the past week. He has been receiving corticosteroids intravenously and antibiotics as part of his therapy. His pneumonia has resolved, but when the nurse monitors his blood glucose levels, his blood glucose is still elevated and he requires small amounts of sliding scale insulin coverage. What is the best explanation for this elevation?a. The antibiotics may have caused an increase in glucose levels.b. His type 2 diabetes has converted to type 1 diabetes.c. The hypoxia from the COPD has caused an increased need for insulin.d. The corticosteroids may have caused an increase in glucose levels. Question 28Which of the following statements about loop diuretics is false?a. Decrease blood volumeb. Increase sodium excretionc. Increase renal blood flowd. Decrease calcium excretion Question 29A 19-year-old university student has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism and has started thyroid replacement therapy with levothyroxine (Synthroid). After 1 week she tells the nurse that she feels no better. What is the nurse’s best response to the patient?a. Her diet may be causing absorption problems.b. Levothyroxine does not reach peak effect for several months.c. She probably did not take her medication as instructed,d. She will probably require surgery for a cure. Question 30With levothyroxine treatment, what is the expected change in lab values if the drug is efficacious and the final diagnosis is primary hypothyroidism?a.73? T3b.737 T4c. ?5? T3d.75? TSH Question 31Which of the following drugs, if taken with warfarin, decreases the effects of warfarin?a. Clarithromycinb. MetronidazoleC. Amiodaroned. Phenytoin Question 32A patient has just been prescribed insulin. What important information should the nurse tell this patient about taking insulin?a. During times of illness, increase insulin dosage by 25%.b. When mixing insulins, the clear insulin (such as regular insulin) should be drawn up into the syringe first.c. When mixing insulins, the cloudy insulin (such as neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin) should be drawn up into the syringe first.d. Use the injection site that is the most accessible. Question 33Which class of laxatives is most likely to cause dependence if overused?a. Hyperosmotic laxativesb. Stimulant laxativesc. Emollient laxativesd. Bulk-forming laxatives Question 34When giving and hypertensive drugs the nurse will consider giving the first toast at bedtime for which drug?a hydralazineb. Furosemidec. Prazosind. captopril Question 34When taking a patient’s drug history, the nurse asks about the use of OTC drugs. The patient responds by saying, “Oh, I frequently take something for my headaches, but I didn’t mention it because aspirin is nonprescription.” What is the best response from the nurse?a. “We need you to be honest about the drugs you are taking. Are there any others that you haven’t told us aboutb. “Although aspirin is over the counter, it is still important to know why you take it, how much you take, and how often.”c. “That’s true, OTC drugs are generally not harmful.”d. “Aspirin is one of the safest drugs out there.” Question 35In the management of acute ischemic stroke within how many minutes from symptom onset should alteplase be administered?a. 12 hoursb. 3 hours6 6 hoursd. 8 hours Question 36Low-molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) work by primarily interacting with what blood factor?a. Factor XIIb. Factor Xlac. Factor Xad. Factor IXa Question 37A53 year old male patient has been admitted for an evaluation of chest pain. He has been diagnosed with angina and prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. What important information should the nurse tell the patient about the medication?a. If the chest pain is not relieved, go to the hospital immediatelyb. Take up to five doses at 15 minute intervals after anangalattackc. If the tablet does not dissolve quickly chew the table for animal effect.d. After taking a dose lie down change positions slowly to avoid falling or fainting Question 38A patient has been prescribed transdermal nitroglycerin patches. What important information should the nurse tell the patient about applying these patches?a. Use the patches on any non hairy area on the body.b. Use the patches only on the chest area.c. Temporarily remove the patch while swimming.d. Apply the patch to the same site consistently. Question 39A patient is beginning anti-lipidemic therapy such as a statin drug what food should the nurse tell the patient about when discussing possible drug-food reactiona.Dairy productsb. Grapefruit juicec. Oatmeald. Licorice Question 40What is the approximate average onset of the rapid acting insulinsa. 20-45 minutesb. 5-15 minutesc.45-45 minutesd. 1-5 minutes Question 41Based on the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine, how should it be taken?a. During mealsb. 30-60 minutes before breakfastc. Right before starting a meald. 2 hours after meals Question 42When is omeprazole best administered for optimal effect when dosed once daily?a. 2 hours after mealsb. Before bedtimec. 30-60 minutes before mealsd. 1 hour after meals Question 43Antiarrhythmic drugs that block calcium channels are classified under what heading?a. Classb. Class IVc. Classd. Classil Question 44The client is experiencing adverse effect from ACE. The doctor will usually switch the medication to which type of antihypertensive medication?a. ARBb. Adrenergicc. Calcium channel blockersd. Beta-Blocker Question 45A patient asks you for the reason why his doctor told him not to inject his insulin at one site only. What is the correct responsea. to minimize hypoglycemia dangerous decreases in blood pressureb. To reduce pain at the injection siteC. To prevent hypertrophy of futty tissued. To minimize weight gain Question 46Beta blockers augment the clinical effect of which of these drug classes?a. Muscle relaxantsb. Statinsc. Opioidsd. Sulfonylureas Question 47Which of the following is not a potential adverse effect of glucocorticoids?a. Insomniab. Osteoporosisc. Hypoglycemiad. Weight gain Question 48Which of the following is not a potential adverse effect of glucocorticoidsa. Insomniab. Osteoporosisc. Hypoglycemud. Weight gain Question 49A 47-year old patient presents to the ward complaining of tinnitus. The patient is taking a variety of cardiovascular medicines, some of which are listed below. Which of the below drug classes is where taken a high doses, the most likely cause of the patient’s symptoms?a. Furosemideb. Bisoprololc. Ramiprild. Isosorbide mononitrate Question 50The nurse is teaching a patient about use of hydrochlorothiaride. The nurse should ensure the patient knows to be cautious when taking which of the following medications with hydrochlorothiazidea. Over-the-counter aspirin preparationsb. Antacidsc. Potassium supplementsd. Digitalis Question 51The nurse is reviewing the medications that have been ordered for a patient for whom a loop diuretic has just been prescribed. The loop diuretic may have a possible inte drugs?a. NSAIDsb. Vitamin Dc. Penicillind. Warfarin sodium Question 52Which of the following is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitorsa. Dizzinessb. HypotensionC. dry coughd. Hypokalemia Question 53Which type of antidiarrheal medication works by decreasing the intestinal muscle tone and peristalsis of the intestines?a. Lubricantsb. Intestinal flora modifiersc. Loperamide or immodiumd. Adsorbents Question 54Patient has a new prescription for transdermal nitroglycerin patches. The nurse teaches the patient that these patches are most appropriately used for which purpose?a. to stop an episode of anginab. to prevent the occurrence of anginac. To relieve exertional anginad. to prevent palpitations Question 55Patient has a new prescription for transdermal nitroglycerin patches. The nurse teaches the patient that these patches are most appropriately used for which purpose?a. to stop an episode of anginab. to prevent the occurrence of anginac. To relieve exertional anginad. to prevent palpitations Question 56Which of the following medications results in a drug interaction if given to a patient taking digitalis ?a. acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)b. SteroidsC. Vitamin Kd. acetaminophen (Tylenol Question 57Why is vitamin D taken together with calcium?a. It increases Ca2+ absorptionb. It reduces Ca2+ excretionc. It decreases Ca2+ absorptiond. It reduces Ca2+ reabsorption Question 58Why is vitamin D taken together with calcium?a. It increases Ca2+ absorptionb. It reduces Ca2+ excretionc. It decreases Ca2+ absorptiond. It reduces Ca2+ reabsorption Question 59Which of the following drugs is used in cases of beta blocker overdose?a. Naloxoneb. Deferoxaminec. Flumazenild. Glucagon Question 60Which of the following drugs is used in cases of beta blocker overdose?a. Naloxoneb. Deferoxaminec. Flumazenild. Glucagon Question 61A patient is taking the warfarin to test/ present further throntoic events. However, the dincian notes that the patient is taking a drug that reduces the effect of warfarin and consequently, that targets IVR. Which of these medicinesa. Carbamazepineb. Clarithromycinc. Sulfamethoxatoled. Metronidazole Question 62A patient asks how to apply a transdermal nitroglycerin therapy. What is the nurse’s best response to the patient?a. Cut the patch in half for 1 week until the tolerance subsides.b. Omit one dose once a week.c. Remove the patch at bedtime, and then apply a new one in the morning.d. Leave the patch on for 2 days at a time. Question 63Which of the following is not a common side-effect of ACE inhibitors?a. Dry coughb. Dizzinessc. Hypokalemiad. Hypotension Question 64Beta blockers – aside from their cardiovascular benefits – are also used in the treatment of which condition?a. Asthmab. Reynaud’s phenomenonC. Goutd. Glaucoma Question 65Beta blockers – aside from their cardiovascular benefits – are also used in the treatment of which condition?a. Asthmab. Reynaud’s phenomenonC. Goutd. Glaucoma Question 66A nurse with adequate knowledge about the administration of intravenous nitroglycerin will recognize which statement as correct?a. intravenous nitroglycerin must be protected from exposure to light through use of special tubingb. intravenous nitroglycerin can be given via gravity drip infusionsc. Because the intervenous form are short lived, the dosing must be every two hoursd. The intravenous form is given by intravenous push injection Question 67Which of these is the mechanism of action of clopidogrel?a. Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitorb. Thromboxane inhibitorC. ADP receptor inhibitord. PAR-1 antagonist Question 68A patient is taking an extended-release a-blocker as part of his therapy after a myocardial infarction. What important information should the nurse tell the patient about this medication?a. A frequent adverse effect is a rapid heart rate, which should be reported immediatelyb. The tablet should be chewed for faster release of the medication.c. A high-fibre diet with plenty of fluids will help to prevent the constipation that may occur.d. If adverse effects of chest pain, fainting or dyspnea occur, discontinue the medication immediately. Question 69Which of these is the mechanism of action of clopidogrel?a. Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitorb. Thromboxane inhibitorc. ADP receptor inhibitord. PAR-1 antagonist Question 70A patient is taking an extended-release a-blocker as part of his therapy after a myocardial infarction. What important information should the nurse tell the patient about this medication?a. A frequent adverse effect is a rapid heart rate, which should be reported immediatelyb. The tablet should be chewed for faster release of the medication.c. A high-fibre diet with plenty of fluids will help to prevent the constipation that may occur.d. If adverse effects of chest pain, fainting or dyspnea occur, discontinue the medication immediately. Question 71JR is a 75-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes. She takes daily calcium and vitamin D3 supplements, along with gliclazide to control her blood sugar. A recent finding of low bone mineral density (BMD) T-score led to a diagnosis of osteoporosis at the hip. How does R.K’s gliclazide control her diabetes?a. Reduction of insulin resistanceb. Increasing glucose excretionc. Decreasing glucose absorptiond. Stimulation of insulin secretion Question 72Which of the following interventions is correct regarding the management of nausea and vomiting?a. Antiemetics may be taken with a glass of wine to help settle the stomach.b. Give antiemetics immediately after chemotherapy is administered.c. Antiemetics are often administered 30 minutes to 3 hours before a chemotherapy drug is givend. Taking antiemetics at night may cause restlessness and interfere with sleep. Question 73Which of the following medications results in a drug interaction if given to a patient taking digitalis?a. Steroidsb. acetaminophen (Tylenol)C. acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)d. Vitamin K Question 74Which of these medicines is the preferred option for patients with asthma?a. Pindololb. Atenololc. Propanolold. Nadolol Question 75A patient asks you for the reason why his doctor told him not to inject his insulin at one site only. What is the correct response?a. To minimize hypoglycemia, dangerous decreases in blood pressureb. To prevent hypertrophy of fatty tissuec. To reduce pain at the injection sited. To minimize weight gain Question 76A 65-year-old man with type 2 DM has been receiving metformin 1000 mg twice daily for the past 2 years. He becomes curious and asks ya mechanism of action?a. Reduces blood sugar production in the liverb. Stimulates pancreas to secrete insulinc. Increases blood sugar excretion into the urined. Faster breakdown of blood sugar in the body Question 77A patient asks you for the reason why his doctor told him not to inject his insulin at one site only. What is the correct response?a. To minimize hypoglycemia, dangerous decreases in blood pressureb. To prevent hypertrophy of fatty tissuec. To reduce pain at the injection sited. To minimize weight gain Question 78A 65-year-old man with type 2 DM has been receiving metformin 1000 mg twice daily for the past 2 years. He becomes curious and asks you mechanism of action?a. Reduces blood sugar production in the liverb. Stimulates pancreas to secrete insulinc. Increases blood sugar excretion into the urined. Faster breakdown of blood sugar in the body Question 79The doctor orders 500ml of 2/3 D5W + 1/3 NS to run at 50ml/hr. How many hours will this IV run? The drop factor is 60gtt/ml. Question 80The physician orders ou of NPH Insulin SC for a patient and you must use a standard 3cc syringe because there are no Insulin syringes available. What would the dose be in ml if the vial reads 100u+1ml? 0.4 Question 81Dynapen 250mg POq6hr has been ordered for a client. The stock bottle contain 62.5mg/5ml. How much ml do you pour? Question 82The prescriber orders: Chlorpromazine 0.0758 IM. PRN. The label on the vial reads 50mg/2ml of the drug. How many ml of the drug would you prepare is normal Question 83The doctor orders 2500cc of DSRL to infuse at 125ml/hr. The drop factor is 10gttm. At what flow rate (gtt/min) should this IV be set? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. Question 84The prescriber orders Cefoxitin Sodium 0.75g IM. q12hr. The vial contains 1g/3ml. How many ml of the drug would you administer (Last 2 decimal points)? Question 85Ms. Martin is having nausea after her breakfast. She has an order for Prochlorperazine 10mg IM q4hr, PRN. The nurse takes a vial from the stock drawer that reads Comparine toimub dose al containing Sem. How many ml does the nurse give? Question 86The doctor orders 1500ml iv fluid to infuse for 10 hours. The IV set drop factor is 20gtt/ml. At what flow rate (g/min) must you run this IV? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number) Question 87The doctor orders 1000ml DSW to be infused over shours. At 0800 AM 1000ml bag of DSW is hung. The rate is 125th and the factor is 20gtt/ml. At 1200 350ml is left. The IV is not on time. What should be the more follow ups? Question 88ACE inhibitors such as Lisinopril which inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin and substance P. resulting in an accumulation of the them in the respiratory tract can cause the following side effectsa. Development of a dry coughb. Flank painc. Taste disturbanced. None of the above Question 89How does omeprazole work to suppress gastric acid?a. H2-receptor blockerb. H+/K+ ATPase inhibitorC. K+ channel blockerd. Direct neutralization Question 90Which of these most accurately describes how digoxin works?a. Positive inotrope / positive chronotropeb. Negative inotrope / negative chronotropeC. Positive inotrope / negative chronotroped. Negative inotrope / positive chronotrope Question 91The nurse is assessing the patient before administration of a cardiac glycoside. Which of the following conditions can predispose a patient to digitalis toxicity?a. Heart failureb. Hypokalemiac. Hyperkalemiad. Hypocalcemia Question 92Before administering an antidiarrheal, the nurse should:a. Encourage the patient to increase their fluid intakeb. Administer a stool softenerC. Investigate the cause of the diarrhead. Administer an antiemetic Question 93Which of these drugs are prodrugs?a. Antacidsb. H2 receptor antagonistsc. Proton pump inhibitorsd. Bismuth subsalicylate Question 94A patient who is taking warfarin (Coumadin) therapy has a headache and wants to take a pain reliever. Which of the following actions is recommended?a. Taking ibuprofen (Advil), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)b. Calling the office for an opioid orderc. Taking acetaminophen (Tylenol)d. Taking acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) tablets Question 95The nurse is teaching a patient about use of hydrochlorothiazide. The nurse should ensure the patient knows to be cautious when taking which of the following medications with hydrochlorothiazide?a. Potassium supplementsb. Digitalisc. Antacidsd. Over-the-counter aspirin preparations Question 96A patient who has type 2 diabetes mellitus is scheduled for a laparoscopy and has been NPO since midnight. She is concerned about her medications being held. What is the nurse’s best action regarding the administration of her oral antidiabetic drug?a. Hold all medications as ordered and explain that because she is NPO administering medications may cause hypoglycemiab. Contact the physician for further orders.C. Give her the medication with a sip of water.d. Give her half the original dose. Question 97How does psyllium work as a laxative?a. Stimulation of enteric nervous systemb. Moves water rapidly into colonc. Blocks peripheral mu receptorsd. Absorbs water to form emollient and distend colon Question 98A patient is taking warfarin to treat / prevent further thrombotic events. However, the clinician notes that the patient is taking a drug that reduces the effect of warfarin and, consequently, the target INR. Which of these medicines is the patient taking?a. Metronidazoleb. Sulfamethoxazolec. Clarithromycind. Carbamazepine Question 99A patient is beginning anti-lipidemic therapy (such as a statin drug). What food should the nurse tell the patient about when discussing possible drug-food interactions?a. Dairy productsb. Grapefruit juicec. Oatmeald. Licorice Question 100This ACEi has the shortest half-life and therefore must be dosed more frequently.a. captoprilb. perindoprilc. ramiprild. enalapril Question 101A nurse with adequate knowledge about the administration of intravenous nitroglycerin will recognize which statement as correct?a. Because the intravenous form are short lived the dosing must be every two hoursb. intravenous nitroglycerin must be protected from exposure to light through use of special tubingc. intravenous nitroglycerin can be given via gravity drip infusionsd. The intravenous form is given by intravenous push injection Question 102Which of the following laboratory studies is used to monitor the therapeutic effects of warfarin (Coumadni)?a. aPTT activated partial thromboplastin timeb. Vitaminc. International normalized ratio (INR)d. Hematocrit Question 103Which of the following statements about loop diuretics is false?a. Decrease blood volumeb. Increase sodium excretionc. Increase renal blood flowd. Decrease calcium excretion Question 104A 19-year-old university student has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism and has started thyroid replacement therapy with levothyroxine (Synthroid). After 1 week she tells the nurse that she feels no better. What is the nurse’s best response to the patient?a. Her diet may be causing absorption problems.b. Levothyroxine does not reach peak effect for several months.c. She probably did not take her medication as instructed,d. She will probably require surgery for a cure. Question 105Which of the following drugs, if taken with warfarin, decreases the effects of warfarin?a. Clarithromycinb. Metronidazolec. Amiodaroned. Phenytoin Question 106Low-molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) work by primarily interacting with what blood factor?a. Factor XIIb. Factor Xlac. Factor Xad. Factor IXaPHARMACOLOGY Question 1Which of the following laboratory studies is used to monitor the therapeutic effects of wartarin CoumadesaPTT activated partial thromboplastin timeVitaminInternational normalized ratio (INR)Hematocrit Question 2Which of the following statements about loop diuretics is false?a. Increase renal blood flowb. Decrease blood volumec.Increase sodium excretiond. Decrease calcium excretion Question 3This ACE has the shortest half-life and therefore must be dosed more frequentlya.ramiprilb. perindoprilc. enalaprild. captopril Question 4The nurse is assessing the patient before administration of a cardiac glycoside. Which of the following conditions can predispose patient to digitalistica. Hyperemiab. Hypokalemiac. Hypocalcemiad. Heart failure Question 5The antipemic (Ezetrol) is a newest drug. Which of the following describes how it works?By inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the small intestineBY preventing resorption of bile across from the small intestinesBy activating lipase. Which breaks down cholesterolBy inhibiting HVG-CoA reductese Question 6Which type of antidiarrheal medication works by decreasing the intestinal musde tone and peristalsis of the intestines? ?a. Lubricantsb. Intestinal flora modifiersc. Loperamide or immodiumd. Adsorbents Question 7When should the nurse administer acarbose (Glucobay), an 29??17glucosidase inhibitor?a. Once daily at bedtimeb. 30 minutes after breakfastc. With the first bite of each main meald.30 minutes before breakfast Question 8When should pancrelipase be administered?a. With every meal and snackb. With breakfast onlyC. 4 hours before bedtimed. 2 hours after meals Question 9When should the nurse administer acarbose (Glucobay), an 29??17glucosidase inhibitor?a. Once daily at bedtimeb. 30 minutes after breakfastc. With the first bite of each main meald.30 minutes before breakfast Question 10Which antidiabetic acts mainly through blocking the enzyme that degrades glucagon-like peptide 1?a. Insulinb. Sitagliptinc. Metformind. Lantus Question 11which statement by the patient reflects the need for additional patient education about the calcium channel blocker diltiazem?a. this drug may cause my blood pressure to drop, so I should be careful when getting upb.when the long acting forms are taken, the drug cannot be crushedc. I understand that food and antacids can’t change how well I can absorb this drug when I take it as a pilld. I can take this drug to stop an attack of angina Question 12In the management of acute ischemic stroke within how many minutes from symptom onset should alteplase be administered?a. 12 hoursb. 3 hoursc. 6 hoursd. 8 hours Question 13Which of the following statements about warfarin is false?a. Initially decreases protein C levelsb. Full effect takes 6-8 hours to manifestc. Increases the risk of osteoporosisd. Effects are increased by H2 receptor antagonists Question 14A patient who has type 2 diabetes mellitus is scheduled for a laparoscopy and has been NPO since midnight. She is concerned about her medications being held. What is the nurse’s best action regarding the administration of her oral antidiabetic drug?a. Hold all medications as ordered and explain that because she is NPO administering medications may cause hypoglycemiab. Contact the physician for further orders.C. Give her the medication with a sip of water.d. Give her half the original dose. Question 15The nurse is teaching a patient who has a new prescription medication: propylthiouracil. Which statement by the nurse is correct?a. Take this drug in the morning on an empty stomach.b. This drug is given to raise the thyroid hormone levels in your blood.c. There are no food restrictions while on this drug.d. You need to avoid foods high in iodine, such as iodized salt, seafood and soy products Question 16A patient is being discharged to home on a single daily dose of a diuretic. To avoid unnecessary disruptions to the patient’s daily routine and sleep patterns, at what time does the health care provider instruct the patient to take the dose?a. At bedtimeb. At noonc. With supperd. In the morning Question 17Which class of medications for GERD acts directly to neutralize stomach acid?a. Antacidsb. H2 receptor antagonistsc. Proton pump inhibitorsd. Bismuth subsalicylate Question 18Which of these laxatives has the most rapid onset of action, but should be avoided in patients with renal failure?a. Docusate Sodiumb. Sodium phosphatec. Psylliumd. Senna Question 19How does psyllium work as a laxative?a. Stimulation of enteric nervous systemb. Moves water rapidly into colonc. Blocks peripheral mu receptorsd. Absorbs water to form emollient and distend colon Question 20A patient is taking warfarin to treat / prevent further thrombotic events. However, the clinician notes that the patient is taking a drug that reduces the effect of warfarin and, consequently, the target INR. Which of these medicines is the patient taking?a. Metronidazoleb. Sulfamethoxazolec. Clarithromycind. Carbamazepine Question 21When should the nurse administer acarbose (Glucobay), an 29771?glucosidase inhibitor?a. Once daily at bedtimeb. 30 minutes before breakfastc. 30 minutes after breakfastd. With the first bite of each main meal Question 22Desmopressin is preferred over vasopressin due to its higher affinity on V2 receptors, which causes what effect?a. Increased diuresisb. Renal vasodilationC. Pres