Responds to 2 classmate posts furthering the dialogue by providing more information and clarification, thereby adding much depth to the discussion?

Question Responds to 2 classmate posts furthering the dialogue by providingmore information and clarification, thereby adding much depth to the discussion? And see the comment down below.Post 1:When are carbohydrates good for us?Energy is an essential part of life as it is used in breathing, moving, eating, digesting, and other metabolic activities within our bodies. Being the common and the main source of energy within our bodies, people are advised to consume between 45-65% of their total calories in form of carbohydrates (Grodner et al., 2020). Carbohydrates play a major role in powering our mind, bodies, and other life-preserving processes making their importance enormous at any particular time.”good” versus “bad” carbohydratesAlthough they are an important part of a healthy diet, carbohydrates differ greatly depending on their quality and effect on our body functionality. For instance, both beans and a cake are carbs but they are greatly conflicted in terms of quality. To understand and differentiate between good and bad carbohydrates, a deeper knowledge of their chemical composition is needed. Depending on their chemical makeup, carbohydrates can be classified as ‘simple’ or ‘complex’. Simple carbohydrates are composed of easy-to-digest sugars; these include candies, cakes, and soda (Sartorius et al., 2018). Their absorption rate into the bloodstream is high causing a spike in blood sugar level which can put the person at risk of obesity and diabetes. Complex carbs are completely different and have fiber which not only feeds the good bacteria along the gut but also slows the absorption rate so that the glucose level in the bloodstream is maintained (Holesh et al., 2017). Although complex carbs provide energy at a slower rate, they provide the energy in a more consistent manner reducing the risk of diabetes.When carbohydrates are not good for our bodiesOver the years, carbohydrates have been associated with obesity, an increase in diabetic cases, and other medical implications. This has caused many people to completely dismiss carbohydrates from their diet which is not healthy. If consumed in excess, simple carbs can completely lead to health complications. This is because they can rapidly increase weight and blood sugar which are causes of obesity and diabetes (Sartorius et al., 2018). However, complete dismissal of carbs from the diet can also result in physical impairment, kidney damage, and cardiovascular diseases. This shows that carbs are not completely useless and should be used in moderation to ensure the healthy nature of our bodies is maintained.Chemistry is involved in breakdown, usage, and storage of carbsThe chemical breakdown of carbohydrates starts at the mouth where the food is mixed with salivary amylase. The enzyme is useful in breaking the bond between the monomeric sugar unit of starch and disaccharides. Only 5% of starches are broken in the mouth, and together with the rest, they are rolled to the stomach where no chemical breakdown occurs due to the acidic nature of the stomach (Ludwig et al., 2018). In the small intestines, the pancreatic amylase together with the enzyme released by the small intestine act on the starch until the final product is composed of monosaccharides (fructose, glucose, and galactose). The three monosaccharides are easily absorbed into the bloodstream where the concentration of glucose is controlled by hormones to avoid the unnecessary rise in blood sugar. They are mainly stored as glycogen in the liver and the muscle cells. In healthy people, blood sugar levels are controlled and maintained by the liver and the insulin-secreting pancreas.Hanna and Rose case studyAssessing Hannah’s eating habits and understanding diabetes mellitusDiabetes is a life-threatening metabolic disease causing the sugar levels in the blood to increase exponentially. In healthy people, insulin moves the sugar from the blood into the cells for storage or to be used as a source of energy (Sartorius et al., 2018). However, Hannah’s body is unable to produce sufficient insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin that is made internally. This gives Hannah an option of externally injecting insulin into the body to deal with the excess level of sugar. Nutrition and physical exercises are important health procedures to deal with diabetes. To effectively assess Hannah’s condition we need to examine her physical condition and the chemical composition in her blood. Rose has strictly enforced a healthy nutrition pattern and by examining the level of blood sugars we can determine the chemical makeup of food consumed out of the ordinary diet. Although Rose’s decision on her daughters’ diet is sufficiently supported by facts from numerous studies, Hannah is on her puberty where peer influence can result in unwise decisions. Hannah’s decision to cheat can also be a result of insufficient knowledge about her special condition. As a care provider, I would take an incentive of educating both Hannah and Rose on diabetes mellitus and how a good diet can help one achieve a positive living style.SubjectiveRose wants her daughter to be a complete vegetarian, as she follows the diet herself, but Hannah wants to be normal like other kids and enjoy different diets without caring much about her health. Although enforcing the diet without providing sufficient information is wrong, Rose is concerned about the health of her daughter.ObjectiveHaving a life is better than having no life. Although Hannah wants a normal life, moderation of the diet is necessary to health and failure may result in fatal consequences. To maintain our healthy nature we must learn to differentiate what we want and what is medically appropriate for our bodies.ReferencesGrodner, M., Escott-Stump, S., & Dorner, S. (2020). Nutritional foundations and clinical applications: A nursing approach (7th ed.). Elsevier.Holesh, J. E., Aslam, S., & Martin, A. (2017). Physiology, Carbohydrates.Ludwig, D. S., Hu, F. B., Tappy, L., & Brand-Miller, J. (2018). Dietary carbohydrates: role of quality and quantity in chronic disease. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 361, k2340. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2340Links to an external site.Sartorius, K., Sartorius, B., Madiba, T. E., & Stefan, C. (2018). Does high-carbohydrate intake lead to increased risk of obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open, 8(2), e018449.Post 2: Carbohydrates, the ideal source of energy to our body, helps our body in various ways! The sugar and starches broken down after digestion turns into simple sugars which are then taken in by our bloodstream turns into blood sugar. The healthy blood sugar in our body is introduced by carbohydrates which helps our body reduce risk of type II diabetes and insulin resistance. It is also the only nutrient that directly increases the blood sugar in our body. According to NCBI National Institutes of Health (Ludwig et al., 2018), “specific carbohydrates affect postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which are causally related to the development of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and perhaps obesity.” Some of these specific healthy carbohydrates can be retrieved from “complex carbohydrates are found in cereals, grains, pasta, fruit, and vegetables” (Grodner, 2020). Carbohydrates can also be simply achieved from eating a healthy plant based diet such as one recommended by “MyPlate, 6 ounces of grains, 4 1/2 cups of vegetables and 2 cups of fruits.” (Grodner, 2020). Grains, Legumes, Potatoes and Fruits are all some prime examples of healthy carbohydrates for consumption. Carbohydrates can be beneficial as in many cases it can help prevent diseases and control weight!”Good” vs “Bad” Carbohydrates can all be described as colors white and black. Good Carbohydrates have qualities like not raising our blood sugar instantly and can be found in foods like wheat bread/grains, legumes, brown rice, etc. Bad Carbohydrates have the tendency to raise our blood sugar instantly and are also seen as “junk/unhealthy” foods such as cookies, burgers, chips, soda. A healthier way to implement good carbs into your diet and lower bad carbs is by reducing the amount of refined carbs one consumes and then replacing them with whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, etc. Generally consuming foods that have complex carbohydrates compared to ones with simple carbohydrates tend to be healthier!Carbohydrates are not good for our bodies when we consume the “bad” carbs in large quantities that have a negative impact on our bodies. For example, consuming desserts, white breads, pasta, chips, burgers, and donuts daily in large quantities and not replenishing your body with the good carbs to balance. Eating bad carbs will also spike glucose levels in the body causing insulin to be produced in larger quantities compared to eating good carbs and staying full for longer and requiring less insulin. They are also not good for us when they introduce diseases like obesity, heart diseases, and type 2 diabetes.The chemistry involved in the breakdown starts in our mouths where Salivary amylase is produced to moisten and begin breaking down the food. After the breakdown, the monosaccharides are absorbed. According to NCBI, “As carbohydrates are consumed, the blood sugar levels increase, stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin. Insulin signals the body’s cells to absorb the glucose for energy or storage. If blood glucose falls, the pancreas makes glucagon, stimulating the liver to release stored glucose.” (Holesh & Martin, 2019) Glucose which is also found in carbohydrates is turned into glycogen which is later stored in the liver to be broken down into energy. “Our digestive system breaks down carbohydrates to use it for energy and stores for later use when needed.” (Grodner, 2020).As Hannah’s nurse, I would firstly greet and familiarize her with myself. I would begin with taking basic vitals and reading through her medical history. I would begin the assessment with her by having her describe her situation as a teen dealing with Type I Diabetes. As a 12 year-old teenager one has poor to adequate knowledge upon terms like diabetes mellitus and an incomplete understanding of diabetes in general. An adolescent may even be going through rapid biological changes within his/her body and may have trouble finding their identity, in such cases a diagnosis with diabetes may interfere with their drive for self-independence. Thus, I would begin my diagnosis with assessing her physical and mental health which is objective to me. I am subjective to the narrative that Hannah is a young 12 year old who is perhaps persuaded by her peers’ eating habits and improper diet, which seems to be the reason the unhealthy diet is turning out negative for her. On other hand, she deals with a persuasive mother who is a “strict vegetarian” and follows her bias. Rose constantly telling Hannah to become vegetarian to control her diabetes will not be the solution as Hannah is a teen who is going through her adolescent age and is finding her identity. Therefore, understanding the subjective outline of her lifestyle as a nurse I would provide her with diet counseling for Type I Diabetes! According to Chamberlain University (2021) “Type I diabetes is less common than type II (20% of the people who have diabetes have Type I and 80% have Type II”, thus less information is circulated in the public as it being the less common disease in existence. I would provide Hannah with general and simple knowledge for an adolescent to follow. That our body has 2 hormones that circulate blood sugar levels known as Insulin and Glucagon. Insulin is released to help absorb glucose in the body and lower blood sugar levels and Glucagon is released when blood sugar levels are too low. Therefore in your situation, “Type I diabetes, the pancreas does not have any insulin to release, so even though there is abundant glucose in the bloodstream, it is not able to enter the cell.” (Chamberlain University, 2021) Thus she would have to inject herself with insulin injections in order to sustain the glucose in her body. I would complete-my analysis by explaining that for her body and health condition, eating the same diet as her friends would not be beneficial as her body struggles harder to break down those simple carbohydrates. It is harmful for her body to follow unhealthy dietary plans whereas her friends have substantial damage over time whereas for her it would be instantly as the blood sugar would spike. References: Holesh, J. E., & Martin, A. (2019, June 18). Physiology, Carbohydrates. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459280/ Ludwig, D. S., Hu, F. B., Tappy, L., & Brand-Miller, J. (2018). Dietary carbohydrates: role of quality and quantity in chronic disease. BMJ, k2340. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2340 Week 2 Modules: Carbohydrates. (July 2021). Retrieved from https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/85778/pages/week-2-carbohydrates?module_item_id=12267069 Health Science Science Nursing NR 228 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)