5 page final on famous greek works
References
Bernard Scudder (translator). (2005). Egil’s Saga. Introduction by Svanhildur Oskarsdottir. Penguin Classic publishers.
Homer. (1999). The Iliad: Translated by Robert Fagles. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN-13: 9780140275360.
Vergil. (1881). Aeneid. edited and translated by Frederick AHL with introduction by Elaine Fantham
This exam is open book and open notes. Notes can be cited by
indicating “Class notes” and giving the date. Internal citation for
the books and play we have read is fine. I do not want any outside
sources referred to in answering this exam.
Textual analysis: for each of the following, please do a careful
analysis of the passages in approximately 200-250 words. While you
may use the larger setting of the stories to contextualize your
findings, please focus on the passages for most of your work. How are
similar topics treated in different works? What can we learn about
what each culture values by these comparisons? [2 x 20 for 40 points]
These two:
Andromache speaking:
The Achaean army heard about my ways and that is what destroyed me:
now the son of Achilles wants to take me for his wife. I’ll be a
slave to my family’s murderers. If I push my beloved Hector to one
side and open up my mind to my present spouse then I will seem
unfaithful to the dead; but if I hate the man, then I’ll be detested
by my own master. Well, they say one night is all it takes to ease a
woman’s loathing for a man’s bed. I cannot stand a woman who finds a
new bed, loves another man, forgetting all about her former husband.
Narrator in Egil:
Bjorn took Thora away and carried her back home to Aurland. They were
there for the winter and Bjorn wanted to hold a wedding ceremony. His
father Brynjolf disapproved of what Bjorn had done and regarded it as
a disgrace to his long friendship with Thorir. “Rather than your
marrying Thora here in my house without the permission of her brother
Thorir,” Brynjolf said to Bjorn, “she will be treated exactly as if
she were my own daughter and your sister.”
And also these two:
Vergil, from Book 3:
And I tried to uproot green wood from its groundsoil, eager to cover
my altars with living and leaf-covered branches. Just as I snapped
the first shrub from its roots to extract it, I noticed something that
made me bristle with fear, and which makes an astounding story; for
dark blood started to ooze, dripping downwards in large drops,
staining the soil with its putrid gore. A shudder of ice-cold Horror
shivered my limbs. And my blood froze, clotted in terror. Still, I
persisted, and tried once again to extract a reluctant Shaft from
another bush, seeking the latent cause of the problem. Dark blood
flowed from the bark of this second tree, in the same way… ‘After I’d
tackled a third group of shafts, and with even more effort, Wrestling,
down on my knees, with the sand that resisted my struggles— Now—should
I speak or be silent?—a moan that would drive you to heartbreak Rose
to my ears from the depths of the mound; a voice drifted on breezes.
“Why do you mutilate me? I have suffered, Aeneas, I’m buried! Spare me,
and spare your own righteous hands from a crime. I’m a Trojan, not
some bizarre plant’s shoot dripping ghastly blood; and you know me.”
Also Vergil, from Book 2:
Then, something greater was cast in our hapless way, something far
more frightful. It startled and muddled our minds. We could not have
foreseen it. Neptune’s priest, Laocoön, chosen by lot for this honour,
stood sacrificing a victim, a monstrous bull, at the altars. Look!
Across tranquil depths, out of Tenedos, writhing and coiling, Big orbs
swishing a course, twin serpents—I shudder, recalling— Slither the
sea’s face, stretch for the shore in their parallel lunges. Now, amid
surf, chests standing erect, crests mane-like, in aspect Blood-red, up
they surge on the swell, bodies skimming the water, spiraling
measureless tails in whiplash whirls of propulsion. Foaming brine
crashes noise. In a trice they have reached the enclosure. Flickering,
viperous tongues lick mouths spitting sibilant hisses, eyes blaze,
reddened with fire and with blood in a sanguine suffusion. Anguished
and pale at the sight, we scatter; they form into columns, Seeking
Laocoön. First, each serpent entwines his two children’s tiny bodies
in coils of embrace and, poor little fellows, feasts upon limbs that
its jaws just crunch and ingest at a single gulp.
Essays: please choose two of the following to write 250-350 words on
each. Cite the texts often to back up your claims. [2 x 30 for 60
points]
Please examine the roles of Helen in Xena “Beware Greeks Bearing
Gifts” and the Trojan Women. Both are more “feminist” than Helen is
depicted in Homer certainly, but to what degree do you think this is
the case? How is Helen’s relationship with Menelaus in each? How is
her relationship to other women?
There are numerous depictions of children and childhood in the Trojan
Women and in Egil’s Saga. How do they compare? What do we learn about
the place of parenthood? How do their differences display the values
of each culture?
The role of loss (in any sense-people, countries, reputation) is
prevalent in both Egil’s Saga and in the Aeneid. What kinds of loss
are most strongly felt in each story? How do the characters cope with
their losses? What is the most devastating thing to lose in each
epic?
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