Question 1 options:

	KUZ-HG
	GLASSES, SLIPPERY
	“I LOVE YOU.”
	59482574

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QUESTION 2 (1 POINT)

What do most mnemonic devices seem to have in common?

Question 2 options:

	THEY USE VISUAL IMAGERY.
	THEY OPERATE UNCONSCIOUSLY.
	THEY PROVIDE EFFICIENT RETRIEVAL CUES.
	THEY DO NOT REQUIRE ENCODING OF INFORMATION.

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QUESTION 3 (1 POINT)

The last time you and a friend were in the city, you had a great meal, but now neither of you can remember the restaurant’s name. Your friend is looking at online restaurant listings in the hope that seeing the name will jog her memory. The procedure your friend is using is similar to a ________ test of memory.

Question 3 options:

	RECALL
	RECOGNITION
	WORD STEM COMPLETION
	WORD IDENTIFICATION

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QUESTION 4 (1 POINT)

A memory researcher is a believer in the levels-of-processing theory of memory. With which statement is she most likely to agree?

Question 4 options:

	ALL INFORMATION IS PROCESSED BY MEMORY TO APPROXIMATELY THE SAME DEGREE OR LEVEL.
	ONLY INFORMATION THAT IS PROCESSED AT THE HIGHEST OR MOST SUPERFICIAL LEVEL WILL BE REMEMBERED.
	HOW DEEPLY ONE PROCESSES INFORMATION IS USUALLY IRRELEVANT TO MEMORY RECALL.
	THE MORE DEEPLY INFORMATION IS PROCESSED, THE MORE LIKELY IT IS TO BE COMMITTED TO MEMORY.

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QUESTION 5 (1 POINT)

An actor is using the method of loci to help him remember his lines for a play. This method emphasizes the use of

Question 5 options:

	FAMILIAR LOCATIONS.
	SOUND ASSOCIATIONS.
	STORIES.
	RHYMES.

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QUESTION 6 (1 POINT)

Which of the following is an example of retroactive interference?

Question 6 options:

	NOW THAT YOU HAVE LEARNED YOUR NEW LOCKER COMBINATION, YOU CAN’T REMEMBER THE OLD ONE.
	YOUR TEACHER FINDS IT HARDER EACH YEAR TO LEARN AND REMEMBER STUDENT NAMES.
	SINCE YOU HAVE MOVED, IT HAS BEEN DIFFICULT TO REMEMBER YOUR NEW ZIP CODE.
	YOUR ABILITY TO PLAY THE PIANO MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO LEARN AND REMEMBER HOW TO STRIKE THE KEYS ON A HARPSICHORD.

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QUESTION 7 (1 POINT)

As part of a classroom demonstration, your teacher is reading you a list of digits to test your memory span. If you are like most individuals, you will probably recall somewhere in the range of ________ items.

Question 7 options:

	TEN TO TWENTY
	THREE TO FIVE
	ONE TO TWO
	FIVE TO NINE

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QUESTION 8 (1 POINT)

The textbook describes a famous research participant, S.F., who was able to memorize eighty-four digits, though his memory for letters was still about average. One lesson to be learned from this study is that

Question 8 options:

	PEOPLE LIKE S.F. ARE UNIQUE, AND THE STRATEGIES USED BY S.F. ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO THE REST OF US.
	YOU, TOO, CAN STRUCTURE INFORMATION AS S.F. DID, BUT THE STRUCTURE MUST BE SIMILAR TO THE ONE USED BY S.F.
	YOU, TOO, CAN STRUCTURE INFORMATION ACCORDING TO ITS PERSONAL MEANING TO YOU.
	INFORMATION CAN ONLY BE STRUCTURED ONLY IF IT IS LINKED TO RULES, MEANING, OR CODES IN LONG-TERM MEMORY.

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QUESTION 9 (1 POINT)

Students at Northwestern University studied many of Ebbinghaus’s original lists in an attempt to replicate his studies of memory. After many trials with many lists, the students found

Question 9 options:

	THAT EVEN REAL WORDS BEGAN TO LOOK LIKE NONSENSE SYLLABLES.
	PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE THAT WAS SIMILAR TO THAT EXPERIENCED BY EBBINGHAUS.
	AN EFFECT OPPOSITE TO THAT FOUND BY EBBINGHAUS.
	NO EFFECT OF INTERFERENCE, PROBABLY DUE TO IMPROVED LEARNING TECHNIQUES.

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QUESTION 10 (1 POINT)

A good way to keep your friend’s telephone number in mind is to keep repeating the digits in a cycle in your head.

Question 10 options:

	TRUE
	FALSE

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QUESTION 11 (1 POINT)

Suppose you are watching a monkey in Harry Harlow’s research on attachment. When presented with a fear stimulus, such as a toy that makes loud noises, you should expect the monkey to

Question 11 options:

	RUN TO THE CLOTH MOTHER.
	RUN TO THE WIRE MOTHER FOR PROTECTION.
	VENTURE OUT TO EXPLORE THE FEAR STIMULUS AND THEN RETURN TO THE TERRY CLOTH MOTHER BEFORE EXPLORING FURTHER.
	BE JUST AS LIKELY TO RUN TO A CLOTH MOTHER AS IT IS TO RUN TO A WIRE MOTHER.

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QUESTION 12 (1 POINT)

A husband and wife are expecting their first child and they want to be perfect parents, so they have been getting a lot of information about parenting. At a lecture on parenting s, they learn that the that is most likely to produce an effective parent-child bond is one that

Question 12 options:

	MAKES DEMANDS ON A CHILD, BUT ALSO KEEPS CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION OPEN.
	ENCOURAGES A CHILD TO VIEW PARENTAL INTERACTIONS AS A MODEL FOR FUTURE BEHAVIOR.
	PLACES PRIMARY EMPHASIS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF DISCIPLINE AND THE SETTING OF LIMITS.
	ENCOURAGES A CHILD TO CONTROL AND MODIFY HIS OR HER OWN BEHAVIOR, WITH LITTLE PARENTAL INTERVENTION.

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QUESTION 13 (1 POINT)

One reason that overregularization is an interesting error is because

Question 13 options:

	IT SUGGESTS THAT LANGUAGE DOES NOT HAVE A CONSISTENT STRUCTURE OR GRAMMAR.
	ADULTS MAKE COMPARABLE ERRORS WHEN THEY ARE EXCITED OR IN A HURRY.
	IT USUALLY APPEARS AFTER CHILDREN HAVE LEARNED AND USED THE CORRECT FORMS OF VERBS AND NOUNS.
	IT SUGGESTS THAT CHILDREN HAVE FAILED TO INTERNALIZE THE EXTENSION OPERATING PRINCIPLE.

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QUESTION 14 (1 POINT)

In a longitudinal study, students who were more susceptible to their close friends’ influence at the study’s outset were more likely to

Question 14 options:

	HAVE PROBLEMS WITH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL ONE YEAR LATER.
	BE MORE DEPENDENT ONE YEAR LATER.
	BE MORE INDEPENDENT ONE YEAR LATER.
	BE WELL ADJUSTED ONE YEAR LATER.

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QUESTION 15 (1 POINT)

A 3-year-old loves sports. Her mom recently taught her how to catch a big beach ball and now her dad is now teaching her how to catch a small tennis ball. At first, she tries to “surround” the tennis ball with her arms, the way she did the beach ball. Slowly, she learns to use just her hands. The girl’s attempt to restructure her scheme illustrates Piaget’s concept of

Question 15 options:

	ASSIMILATION.
	OBJECT PERMANENCE.
	EGOCENTRISM.
	ACCOMMODATION.

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QUESTION 16 (1 POINT)

With respect to normal cognitive development, object permanence takes place during the second half of Piaget’s concrete operational stage.

Question 16 options:

	FALSE
	TRUE

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QUESTION 17 (1 POINT)

A babysitter works for a couple who has a 2-year-old boy. Whenever she arrives for work, she notices that the parents and child always seem to be involved in a confrontation, with the child demanding to do something and the parents typically restrictive or critical of the child’s efforts. Based on Erikson’s theory, the child may at risk for developing

Question 17 options:

	SELF-DOUBT.
	FEELINGS OF DESPAIR.
	MISTRUST.
	INFERIORITY.

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QUESTION 18 (1 POINT)

Technically speaking, sex differences are sets of behaviors and attitudes associated by society with being male or female and expressed publicly by the individual.

Question 18 options:

	TRUE
	FALSE

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QUESTION 19 (1 POINT)

Researchers investigating the auditory abilities of the fetus have found that

Question 19 options:

	INFANTS CANNOT HEAR WHILE IN THE WOMB.
	INFANTS PREFER TO LISTEN TO THEIR MOTHERS’ VOICES RATHER THAN OTHER VOICES.
	4-MONTH-OLD INFANTS SHOW PREFERENCE FOR LISTENING TO THEIR FATHERS’ VOICES OVER OTHER VOICES.
	INFANTS DEMONSTRATE A CONSISTENT PREFERENCE FOR HEARING NOVEL VOICES.

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QUESTION 20 (1 POINT)

Imagine what it would be like to be a newborn human infant. You would probably be

Question 20 options:

	CAPABLE OF MAKING ONLY A FEW SIMPLE RESPONSES.
	CAPABLE OF RESPONDING TO AND INFLUENCING YOUR ENVIRONMENT.
	TOTALLY HELPLESS AND CONFUSED.
	TOTALLY BLIND AND DEAF.

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QUESTION 21 (1 POINT)

With respect to parenting styles, researchers have identified the “indulgent” style as generally most beneficial.

Question 21 options:

	TRUE
	FALSE

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QUESTION 22 (1 POINT)

Erik Erikson identified four stages in the life cycle, culminating in a crisis characterized as “trust vs. mistrust.”

Question 22 options:

	FALSE
	TRUE

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QUESTION 23 (1 POINT)

A father has just come into the room where he finds his son playing with his little sister’s dolls. If this father is like most parents, he will

Question 23 options:

	GIVE HIS SON FEWER POSITIVE REACTIONS BECAUSE OF HIS CHOICE OF TOYS.
	LEAVE HIS SON’S ROOM IMMEDIATELY.
	ENCOURAGE HIS SON TO ENGAGE IN FLEXIBLE GENDER BEHAVIOR BY APPROVING OF HIS TOY CHOICES.
	NOT PAY MUCH ATTENTION TO HIS SON’S TOY CHOICES.

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QUESTION 24 (1 POINT)

Which area of the brain undergoes the greatest movement toward maturity from adolescence into young adulthood?

Question 24 options:

	THE VISUAL CORTEX
	THE FRONTAL LOBES
	THE LEFT HEMISPHERE
	THE HIPPOCAMPUS

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QUESTION 25 (1 POINT)

With respect to how children learn word meanings, the textbook suggests that

Question 25 options:

	CHILDREN ACT LIKE SCIENTISTS, DEVELOPING HYPOTHESES ABOUT WHAT EACH NEW WORD MIGHT MEAN.
	WORD MEANINGS ARE TRANSMITTED GENETICALLY TO CHILDREN.
	THE ABSENCE OF ERRORS IN CHILDREN’S USE OF LANGUAGE FACILITATES THE PROCESS OF ACQUISITION OF WORD MEANINGS.
	THE PROCESS IS NOT REALLY AS DIFFICULT OR AS COMPLEX AS IT MAY SEEM.

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QUESTION 1 (1 POINT)

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are closely associated with the ________ perspective in psychology.

Question 1 options:

	BEHAVIORIST
	PSYCHODYNAMIC
	EVOLUTIONARY
	HUMANISTIC

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QUESTION 2 (1 POINT)

When drawing conclusions about behavior, psychologists rely on

Question 2 options:

	THEIR OWN PERSONAL BELIEFS.
	OBJECTIVELY COLLECTED INFORMATION.
	THEIR EVERYDAY OBSERVATIONS OF PEOPLE.
	WHAT IS KNOWN AS “COMMON SENSE.”

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QUESTION 3 (1 POINT)

If you were to sample a group of researchers in psychology, they are most likely to say that the dominant approach in psychology today is the ________ perspective.

Question 3 options:

	PSYCHODYNAMIC
	EVOLUTIONARY
	SOCIOCULTURAL
	COGNITIVE

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QUESTION 4 (1 POINT)

Psychologists who accept a biological explanation of behavior make certain assumptions. Which of the following would NOT be one of these assumptions?

Question 4 options:

	PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR HAS A BIOCHEMICAL BASIS.
	EXPERIENCE CANNOT ALTER UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES.
	COMPLEX BEHAVIOR IS BEST UNDERSTOOD IF IT IS BROKEN DOWN INTO SMALLER, ELEMENTARY UNITS OF ANALYSIS.
	BEHAVIOR OR BEHAVIOR POTENTIAL IS DETERMINED BY HEREDITY.

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QUESTION 5 (1 POINT)

According to the humanistic perspective, people are driven by powerful, instinctive forces, manipulated by their environments, and are incapable of making choices and decisions concerning their lives.

Question 5 options:

	TRUE
	FALSE

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QUESTION 6 (1 POINT)

The humanistic perspective in psychology gives greater weight and importance to

Question 6 options:

	THE POWERFUL INSTINCTUAL TENDENCIES THAT DOMINATE PEOPLE’S ACTIONS.
	THE CAPACITY OF HUMANS TO MAKE CHOICES.
	BREAKING DOWN COMPLEX BEHAVIOR INTO ELEMENTARY UNITS OF BEHAVIOR.
	HOW ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES COME TO CONTROL THE INDIVIDUAL’S BEHAVIOR.

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QUESTION 7 (1 POINT)

A friend who has been studying psychology a lot longer than you tells you that your habit of biting your nails is the result of an inner conflict between your personal need to stay a child and society’s demand that you grow up. You should recognize this advice as stemming from the ________ perspective.

Question 7 options:

	BIOLOGICAL
	PSYCHODYNAMIC
	CULTURAL
	HUMANISTIC

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QUESTION 8 (1 POINT)

A classmate comes to you because he is concerned that his best friend is experiencing personal problems. You should suggest to your classmate that his friend may benefit by talking to a(n) ________ psychologist.

Question 8 options:

	COUNSELING
	DEVELOPMENTAL
	EDUCATIONAL
	COGNITIVE

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QUESTION 9 (1 POINT)

An educational psychologist has decided to do research on reading behavior. If he were to approach this topic from the broadest level of analysis, he would be most likely to study

Question 9 options:

	WHETHER READERS MOVE THEIR LIPS WHILE READING.
	THE EYE MOVEMENTS READERS MAKE WHILE READING A PAGE OF TEXT.
	LEFT AND RIGHT BRAIN HEMISPHERE DIFFERENCES IN THE PROCESSING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES.
	WHETHER ATTITUDES TOWARD READING VARY AROUND THE WORLD.

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QUESTION 10 (1 POINT)

In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany,

Question 10 options:

	WILHELM WUNDT WAS BORN.
	THE FIRST FORMAL LABORATORY DEVOTED TO EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY WAS FOUNDED.
	THE IDEA OF BEHAVIORISM WAS FIRST SUGGESTED.
	SIGMUND FREUD WROTE HIS BOOK, THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS.

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QUESTION 11 (1 POINT)

Questions about how the mind works and the nature of free will can be traced back to

Question 11 options:

	WILHELM WUNDT.
	THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES B.C.
	HERMANN EBBINGHAUS.
	THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

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QUESTION 12 (1 POINT)

Which statement best characterizes the textbook authors’ views with respect to the legacy of behaviorism?

Question 12 options:

	BEHAVIORISM HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE, UNLIKE OTHER PERSPECTIVES, IT HAS BASED ALL OF ITS CONCLUSIONS ON RESEARCH WITH HUMAN PARTICIPANTS.
	THE PRINCIPLES OF BEHAVIORISM ULTIMATELY FAIL BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT BASED ON CAREFULLY CONTROLLED LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS.
	BEHAVIORISM HAS NOT CAUGHT ON BECAUSE IT PLACES TOO LITTLE EMPHASIS ON DETERMINING THE ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF BEHAVIOR.
	THE PRINCIPLES OF BEHAVIORISM HAVE BEEN WIDELY AND SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED TO HUMAN PROBLEMS.

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QUESTION 13 (1 POINT)

While looking for a reference in the psychology section of the library, you come across an interesting book that emphasizes the “whole” person. It includes references to historical figures, artists, and authors. You are most likely looking at a book that is taking a ________ perspective.

Question 13 options:

	COGNITIVE
	PSYCHODYNAMIC
	BEHAVIORIST
	HUMANISTIC

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QUESTION 14 (1 POINT)

To minimize the potential for bias, researchers must be certain that no variable in an experiment is operationally defined.

Question 14 options:

	TRUE
	FALSE

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QUESTION 15 (1 POINT)

An observer bias is

Question 15 options:

	AN “EDUCATED GUESS” ABOUT WHAT WILL HAPPEN.
	AN ERROR DUE TO PERSONAL MOTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS.
	THE DIRECT RESULT OF THE CONTEXT OF JUSTIFICATION.
	THE DIRECT RESULT OF THE CONTEXT OF DISCOVERY.

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QUESTION 16 (1 POINT)

When psychological researchers are ready to put their hypotheses to the test, they rely on

Question 16 options:

	INTUITION.
	THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD.
	SUBJECTIVE JUDGMENTS.
	COMMON SENSE.

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QUESTION 17 (1 POINT)

Sample is to population as

Question 17 options:

	REPRESENTATIVE IS TO NOT REPRESENTATIVE.
	VALID IS TO INVALID.
	LARGE IS TO SMALL.
	PART IS TO WHOLE.

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QUESTION 18 (1 POINT)

There is a joke among scientists about a researcher who tells others that he belongs to a secret scientific society, where no one but the researcher will ever know about the studies members are doing. This joke is humorous because it violates the principle of

Question 18 options:

	OPEN-MINDEDNESS.
	PUBLIC VERIFIABILITY.
	DETERMINISM.
	CONTROL GROUPS.

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QUESTION 19 (1 POINT)

One of the most important functions of correlational methods is that their use allows researchers to

Question 19 options:

	MAKE PREDICTIONS ABOUT ONE VARIABLE BASED ON INFORMATION FROM ANOTHER VARIABLE.
	OBSERVE HUMANS’ BEHAVIOR AS IT TAKES PLACE IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT.
	BE CERTAIN ABOUT THE CAUSES OF BEHAVIOR.
	DRAW CONCLUSIONS BASED ON EXCEPTIONALLY WEAK DATA.

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QUESTION 20 (1 POINT)

A seafood distributor hires a researcher to determine whether eating oysters makes one more passionate. The researcher collects data that show that the people who eat the most oysters have the most active love lives. What can be concluded from this research?

Question 20 options:

	BEING PASSIONATE CAUSES A CRAVING FOR OYSTERS.
	EATING OYSTERS MAKES ONE PASSIONATE.
	NOTHING CAN BE CONCLUDED FROM THIS STUDY ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EATING OYSTERS AND BEING PASSIONATE.
	PEOPLE WITH ACTIVE LOVE LIVES CONSUME MORE OYSTERS.

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QUESTION 21 (1 POINT)

After collecting data, a researcher determines that states that have instituted a death penalty have shown a decrease in murders. Assuming that the data are accurate, what can you safely conclude?

Question 21 options:

	STATES THAT DO NOT HAVE A DEATH PENALTY SHOULD INSTITUTE ONE AS A DETERRENT TO VIOLENT CRIME.
	IT IS LIKELY THAT VIOLENT CRIMINALS HAVE MOVED TO STATES THAT DO NOT YET HAVE A DEATH PENALTY.
	THE RELATIONSHIP HAS BEEN BROUGHT ABOUT BY ANOTHER VARIABLE.
	THERE ARE FEWER MURDERS IN STATES THAT HAVE A DEATH PENALTY.

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QUESTION 22 (1 POINT)

You are about to take your first test in an introductory psychology class. Much to your surprise, the instructor hands you a test that contains ten analytical geometry problems. You would probably be able to argue that the test is not

Question 22 options:

	VALID.
	RELIABLE OR VALID.
	RELIABLE.
	ACCURATE.

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QUESTION 23 (1 POINT)

A theory is defined as an organized set of concepts that explains a phenomenon or set of phenomena.

Question 23 options:

	FALSE
	TRUE

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QUESTION 24 (1 POINT)

Psychological theories should

Question 24 options:

	AVOID MAKING CLAIMS ABOUT CAUSAL FORCES.
	BE COMPLEX.
	GENERATE NEW IDEAS AND HYPOTHESES.
	BE SIMPLE.

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QUESTION 25 (1 POINT)

The ethical guidelines that all psychological researchers must follow include all of the following EXCEPT that

Question 25 options:

	PARTICIPANTS HAVE THE RIGHT TO WITHDRAW THEIR DATA IF THEY FEEL THEY HAVE BEEN MISUSED OR THEIR RIGHTS ABUSED.
	EXPERIMENTERS MUST EXPLAIN THE REASONS FOR ANY DECEPTIONS.
	ALL RECORDS OF SUBJECT BEHAVIOR MUST BE KEPT CONFIDENTIAL.
	HUMANS MUST BE PAID FOR THEIR RESEARCH PARTICIPATION.

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QUESTION 1 (1 POINT)

Charles Darwin wrote The Origin of Species.

Question 1 options:

	TRUE
	FALSE

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QUESTION 2 (1 POINT)

While discussing the functions of the brain stem, the lecturer notices that many of his students appear to have fallen asleep. This reminds him of the ________, which arouses the cerebral cortex to attend to new stimulation and keeps the brain alert even during sleep.

Question 2 options:

	RETICULAR FORMATION
	CEREBELLUM
	MEDULLA
	PONS

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QUESTION 3 (1 POINT)

The book The Origin of Species was written by

Question 3 options:

	PETER AND ROSEMARY GRANT.
	CHARLES DARWIN.
	SIGMUND FREUD.
	SIR CHARLES SHERRINGTON.

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QUESTION 4 (1 POINT)

A child is having a tantrum. He tells his parents that he is going to hold his breath until he turns blue. Fortunately, the ________, which controls his breathing (along with the beating of his heart), won’t let him do so.

Question 4 options:

	HIPPOCAMPUS
	MEDULLA
	AMYGDALA
	PONS

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QUESTION 5 (1 POINT)

In a study by Cappelletti et al. (2008) described by your authors, the different parts of the brain associated with producing spoken nouns and spoken verbs were examined. Which of the following techniques was used to temporarily lesion specific brain areas in this study?

Question 5 options:

	SPECT
	RTMS
	EMG
	FMRI

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QUESTION 6 (1 POINT)

“In classical conditioning, as in telling a good joke, timing is critical.” By this, the authors of the textbook mean that the ________ must be presented ________.

Question 6 options:

	CR AND UCR; FAR ENOUGH APART IN TIME TO BE PERCEIVED AS UNRELATED
	CS AND UCS; CLOSELY ENOUGH IN TIME TO BE PERCEIVED AS RELATED
	CR AND UCR; CLOSELY ENOUGH IN TIME TO BE PERCEIVED AS RELATED
	CS AND UCS; FAR ENOUGH APART IN TIME TO BE PERCEIVED AS UNRELATED

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QUESTION 7 (1 POINT)

A nursing student learns by watching the behavior of an experienced nurse. This is an example of observational learning.

Question 7 options:

	FALSE
	TRUE

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QUESTION 8 (1 POINT)

Suppose your nephew’s parents have forbidden his viewing of television shows that depict violent acts, preferring that he watch shows with prosocial themes. Your nephew knows you are familiar with the impact of television on learning and hopes that you can intercede on his behalf. Based on the research, you can honestly tell his parents that

Question 8 options:

	VIEWING TELEVISION VIOLENCE LEADS VIEWERS TO UNDERESTIMATE THE OCCURRENCES OF REAL-WORLD VIOLENCE.
	THERE HAS BEEN LITTLE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIORAL IMPACT OF VIEWING TELEVISION VIOLENCE.
	VIEWING TELEVISION VIOLENCE MAY BRING ABOUT A REDUCTION IN BOTH EMOTIONAL AROUSAL AND DISTRESS AT VIEWING VIOLENT BEHAVIOR.
	VIEWING TELEVISION VIOLENCE DOES NOT BRING ABOUT INCREASES IN AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR.

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QUESTION 9 (1 POINT)

Stimulus generalization gradients demonstrate that

Question 9 options:

	THE MORE SIMILAR A STIMULUS IS TO THE ORIGINAL CS, THE STRONGER A CR WILL BE.
	THE MOST IMPORTANT ATTRIBUTE OF A CS IS ITS INTENSITY.
	HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS NOT VERY ADAPTIVE.
	LESS TIME IS NECESSARY TO REACQUIRE A RESPONSE THAN TO ACQUIRE IT ORIGINALLY.

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QUESTION 10 (1 POINT)

B. F. Skinner is most closely associated with

Question 10 options:

	OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING.
	CONNECTIONIST MODELS OF LEARNING.
	COGNITIVE INFLUENCES ON LEARNING.
	OPERANT CONDITIONING.

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QUESTION 11 (1 POINT)

Research by Albert Bandura and others has demonstrated that children who watch violent television programs are less likely to engage in aggressive behavior as adults.

Question 11 options:

	FALSE
	TRUE

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QUESTION 12 (1 POINT)

You feel fine when you sit down in the classroom, but as soon as the teacher announces a surprise quiz you immediately feel your pulse quicken and your stomach churn. Your reaction to the teacher’s announcement is most likely a(n)

Question 12 options:

	UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE.
	UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS.
	ORIENTING RESPONSE.
	CONDITIONED RESPONSE.

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QUESTION 13 (1 POINT)

Learning is a process that can take place only through

Question 13 options:

	TRIAL AND ERROR.
	EXPERIENCE.
	CLASSICAL CONDITIONING.
	POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES.

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QUESTION 14 (1 POINT)

Imagine that you are a salesperson whose salary will be determined solely by the number of items that you sell each week. Since some weeks are better for sales than others, your pay will most likely follow a fixed-ratio schedule.

Question 14 options:

	TRUE
	FALSE

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QUESTION 15 (1 POINT)

The book Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviorist was written by John Watson.

Question 15 options:

	TRUE
	FALSE

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QUESTION 16 (1 POINT)

Which of the following behaviors is most likely to have been acquired through the process of classical conditioning?

Question 16 options:

	SNEEZING WHEN AN IRRITANT ENTERS YOUR NOSE CAVITY
	WINCING WHEN YOU HEAR THE DENTIST’S DRILL
	FALLING OFF YOUR BICYCLE WHEN YOU HIT A BUMP
	BLINKING WHEN A LIGHT SHINES IN YOUR EYES

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QUESTION 17 (1 POINT)

All of the following are primary reinforcers EXCEPT

Question 17 options:

	A GLASS OF WATER WHEN YOU ARE THIRSTY.
	FOOD WHEN YOU ARE HUNGRY.
	MONEY WHEN YOU ARE BROKE.
	A GOOD NIGHT’S SLEEP WHEN YOU ARE TIRED.

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QUESTION 18 (1 POINT)

In a study described in the textbook, procrastinators and nonprocrastinators who were enrolled in a health psychology class and had been assigned a paper due late in the semester were compared. Researchers found that the procrastinators

Question 18 options:

	HAD FEWER SYMPTOMS OF PHYSICAL ILLNESS EARLY IN THE SEMESTER.
	HAD MORE SYMPTOMS OF PHYSICAL ILLNESS EARLY IN THE SEMESTER.
	RECEIVED BETTER GRADES ON THEIR PAPERS.
	HAD FEWER SYMPTOMS OF PHYSICAL ILLNESS LATE IN THE SEMESTER.

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QUESTION 19 (1 POINT)

In helping a student deal with her fear of speaking in public, her counselor asks her to be aware of the origins of her fear, then identify new behaviors that negate her fear, and finally evaluate how these new behaviors are working for her. This three-phrase process describes

Question 19 options:

	ANTICIPATORY COPING.
	THE STRESS MODERATOR VARIABLES.
	STRESS INDUCEMENT.
	STRESS INOCULATION.

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QUESTION 20 (1 POINT)

One personality type that has been associated with the initiation of smoking is called

Question 20 options:

	DEPENDENT.
	PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE.
	SENSATION SEEKING.
	SOCIOPATHIC.

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QUESTION 21 (1 POINT)

The distinction between acute psychological stress and chronic psychological stress is

Question 21 options:

	SOMETIMES DIFFICULT TO MAKE.
	DETERMINED BY THE SEVERITY OF THE SYMPTOMS.
	IDENTICAL TO THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN ACUTE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CHRONIC PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS.
	BASED ON WHETHER THE SOURCE OF THE STRESS IS INTERNAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL.

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QUESTION 22 (1 POINT)

Mrs. James feels sad. She asks her husband William for his advice on how she can reduce her feelings of melancholy. If William James is the famous psychologist and co-developer of the James-Lange theory of emotion, he should probably suggest that his wife

Question 22 options:

	VISIT A HOSPITAL THAT TREATS AIDS PATIENTS.
	TELL HIM ABOUT HER PROBLEMS.
	TRY ESTROGEN THERAPY.
	START SMILING AND GIGGLING.

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QUESTION 23 (1 POINT)

Posttraumatic stress disorder usually includes combinations of all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

Question 23 options:

	FEELINGS OF ALIENATION FROM OTHERS.
	EMOTIONAL NUMBING IN RELATION TO EVERYDAY EVENTS.
	COMPLETE INABILITY TO REMEMBER OR TO RESPOND TO THE EVENT IN ANY WAY.
	PERSISTENT REEXPERIENCES OF THE TRAUMATIC EVENTS.

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QUESTION 24 (1 POINT)

Researchers who have studied procrastination have found that students who are procrastinators are more likely than nonprocrastinating peers to report fewer symptoms of physical illness early in the semester and more symptoms of physical illness toward the end of the semester.

Question 24 options:

	FALSE
	TRUE

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QUESTION 25 (1 POINT)

In an experiment described in the textbook, male participants who had just crossed either a safe or dangerous bridge were interviewed by a female research