What are some of the challenges in diagnosing an individual with persistent depressive disorder or cyclothymic disorder versus their more severe counterparts? Explain with examples.
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SSCI206-1303A-13
Unit 2 Individual Project
You have just been asked to teach the concept of adaptation to a psychology class. You decide to conduct the following experiments to teach the concept of adaptation.
Task 1: Conduct three of the following experiments. Record your reactions, and be specific for each experiment.
Experiment 1:
•Rub your index fingers gently over a piece of very coarse sandpaper a few times and rate its coarseness on a scale from 1 (very soft) to 7 (very coarse).
•After a minute or two, rub the same finger over the paper and again rate its coarseness. Did your perception of the coarseness change? How? Record your reaction.
Experiment 2:
•Prepare one cup with sugar water and one with fresh water.
•Take a sip of the sugar water and swish it around in your mouth for several seconds without swallowing it. Gradually, it should taste less sweet. (Dispose of the sugar water)
•Taste from the cup containing fresh water. Did the taste of the fresh water surprise you? How? Record your reaction.
Experiment 3:
•Take about 15 index cards and a flashlight that is opaque on all sides (so that light shines only through the front) into a very dark room.
•Place all 15 cards over the beam of light.
•Slowly remove the cards one at a time until you can barely detect the light, and then count the number of cards that remain over the light.
•After a few minutes, the light should begin to look brighter. When this is the case, add cards and see if you can still see the light.
•Repeat this process of gradually adding cards over a 15-minute period. Were you able to detect an increasingly dim light the longer you spent in the dark? Record your reaction.
•How many cards did it take to not see the light after time?
Experiment 4:
•Fill 3 medium-sized bowls as follows:
•Bowl 1 – with very hot (but not painfully hot) tap water
•Bowl 2 – with very cold tap water
•Bowl 3 – with a mixture of the very hot and very cold water
•Arrange them, so your right hand is in front of the cold water, your left hand is in front of the hot water, and the lukewarm water is in the middle.
•Submerse your hands into the water (right into cold, left into hot) for about 3 minutes
•After 3 minutes, quickly transfer both hands to the lukewarm (middle) bowl. What did you sense? Record your reaction.
In all four experiments, you will experience adaption.
Task 2: Write a paper that describes adaption and how you experienced it in your experiments. The paper should cover the following.
•Fully describe the process and results of the experiments that you chose.
•What is sensory adaptation? Explain the concept of sensory adaptation. Refer to your text for the definition of sensory adaptation (this is not the general dictionary definition)
•Explain how adaptation is evident in each of your experimental results.
•Provide a comprehensive description of the sensory systems that are involved in the experiments that you performed. This description should include what happens from the receptors to the brain. Your discussion should illustrate what was experienced in each experiment.
•Discuss how adaptation is important from an evolutionary perspective.
Be sure to document your references using APA format.
For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web resources, and all course materials. Please refer to the following multimedia course materials(s)
•Week 2 – The Sensation & Perception of Psychology
•Week 2 – Sensation and Perception
•Week 2 – The Nervous System
•Week 2 – FAQ: Sensation and Perception
Please use the following guidelines for formatting your assignment.
•Margins – set to one inch
•Font – 12pt. Times New Roman, no bold, or underline
•Title – center above the paper, 12 pt. font (Level A Heading), no bold, underline, or italics
•Pagination – every page; consists of a header containing a short title for the paper and page number placed in the upper right corner of the page
•Line Spacing – double space all work including the References Page
•Point-of-View – first or third person, objective; limit perspective to research; no personal opinion or narrative
•In-text citations – must conform to APA requirements
•References list – must conform to APA requirements
Please submit your assignment.
Please work will be submitting to verification before acceptance . Include references very important
Content includes:
•Description of 3 Experiments
•Explanation of adaption and how it pertains to each experiment
•Description of the sensory systems involved in each experiment
80
Use of research sources
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Resource: Ch. 9 of Introduction to Psychology
Develop an 8- to 12-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation with speaker notes on the following topics:How intelligence is measuredThe characteristics of a good measure of intelligenceThe benefits of testing for intelligenceThe criticism of intelligence testing
Contrast intelligence theories, from early theories to more contemporary ideas on intelligence.
Format your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
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Read the following scenario:
Woody’s Veneer Factory has contacted you because the board wants their organization to be evaluated to determine the reasons for loss of money, increases in garbage fees, and loss of production. The data given to you shows that veneer production is at its lowest point and the cost of recycled material disposal has nearly doubled in the past quarter.
On the day your team went to meet the factory superintendent, Max Barath, you saw one of the floor managers, Dave Flores, outside of Max’s office with a bag of ice over his eye. When the team inquired about the injury, Max stated, “It’s not a big deal. The quality control officer, Ken Howk, got upset with Dave and got in a little fight. Don’t worry about it. These two are old high school chums and this kind of thing happens now and then.”
Through several weeks of your assessment, your team has noticed troubling occurrences happening in the factory. The factory managers that are located on the top floor are very abrasive and condescending to the people on the floor. There is a definite ‘us versus them’ attitude. There is also a lack of communication. Most of the communication is done on a bulletin board out front.
Your team has also noticed that the floor workers are grinding up some of the good veneer. Management believes this is happening, so they are sneaking up in the cat walks to try to catch the floor workers in the act. But the floor workers have placed spies to watch out for the managers, particularly in the administrative areas next to the management offices. Whenever a manager comes out of the office, the administrative staff will call or text down to the floor to let the workers know so they can stop grinding up the good veneer. In addition, several employees on the floor are used as look outs and use hand signals to let everyone know what is going on.
You are tasked to give a full report to the investors who pay for this factory.
Write a paper in which you utilize industrial/organizational psychology to make recommendations to improve the situation at Woody’s Veneer Factory. Using basic concepts and theories of organizational development, develop a plan to improve working conditions within the factory and describe how it will reduce garbage fees, increase production, and the factory will once again be making a profit. What the scenario does not provide, you can create. Include the following in your paper:
Part 3: Provide at least two examples of leadership theories and how to implement them in order to improve the relationship between management and floor workers. (293 – 350 words)
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Please review and let me know when if you can help on this
Cognitive Psychology and Psychometric Studies
What is Cognitive Psychology?
presentation 12 pages
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Watch for an occasion when you come in contact with someone you don’t know. Using this person/occasion as an example, reflect on the following questions and actions. (You may wish to review these questions in advance of such an occasion.) When you see a person for the first time and are forming an initial impression, what information do you use? Into what groups do you place people you meet? What attributes do you apply to these groups? What does the environmental context have to do with your initial impression? In what ways do you integrate the information you use to form your first impression: the group identification and that group’s attributes, the environmental context and what you already know, your emotions, your biases, consistencies or inconsistencies, and the schemas you developed from past experiences? What are the goals you have for meeting this person? Apply elements of any of the causal attribution theories to this person/occasion. How accurate do you think this first impression is?
The assignment (1–to 3 pages): Select one person in each of the following two categories: Briefly describe each person, your goal for meeting each when you did, and your impression of each, including a description of how each behaved. A person you do not know and who you probably will not see again (clerk at the grocery story, etc.) A person you have known for some time, and for whom you can remember your first impressions (acquaintance, friend, spouse, etc.) Briefly describe each person, your goal for meeting each when you did, and your impression of each,including a description of how each behaved. Based on the Learning Resources, analyze the kinds of information and the processes that were important in forming your impression of each person. Describe the schema, prototype, and exemplars that contributed to the forming of your impression in each case. Apply elements of causal attribution theories and concepts to explain each person’s behavior.
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Question
1) A person with sleep apnea:
stops breathing for 10 seconds or more.
gets up and walks around while still sleeping.
experiences a state of panic.
falls asleep without warning.
2) Which of the following parts of the body controls the sleep-wake cycle?
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
3) Natural cycles of activity that bodies must go through are called:
microsleeps.
states of consciousness.
biological rhythms.
hypnotic states.
4) Delta waves are predominant in which stage of sleep?
N2 (R&K Stage 2)
REM
N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4)
N1 (R&K Stage 1)
5) Which of the following is TRUE about night terrors?
They are a common disorder.
They happen during a light stage of sleep.
They occur fairly equally in children and adults.
They are a state of panic experienced while asleep.
6) Which of the following is NOT true about psychoactive drugs?
All of them produce physical dependence in users.
Many were originally developed to help people.
Some can cause users to develop a drug tolerance.
They alter thinking, perception, memory, or some combination of these abilities.
7) Even in mild doses, marijuana negatively affects:
reaction time.
appetite.
mood.
the ability to sleep.
8) Barbiturates are known as:
gateway drugs.
the minor tranquilizers.
hallucinogens.
the major tranquilizers.
9) Which of the following kills the most people in the United States every year?
homicide
heroin overdose
alcohol-related car accidents
illnesses related to smoking
10) Methamphetamine is an example of a:
narcotic.
hallucinogen.
depressant.
stimulant.
11) Opium and its derivatives, morphine and heroin, duplicate the action of which of the following?
endorphins
cortisol
serotonin
melatonin
12) Withdrawal is a sign of:
psychological dependence on a drug.
physical dependence on a drug.
tolerance to a drug.
drunkenness.
13)
In Hilgard’s theory, the _______ remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis.
“hypnotized” part of the mind
“hidden observer” part of the mind
conscious mind
brain stem
14)
The key to hypnosis seems to be:
a heightened state of suggestibility.
avoiding subjects who are active and alert.
a gullible subject.
using more practical subjects, as opposed to daydreamers.
15)
Hypnosis is unable to do which of the following?
help people relax in situations that would normally cause them stress
create amnesia for whatever happens during the session
give people superhuman strength
relieve pain
16)
Mariam takes 20 minutes daily to sit by herself and meditate. A fully meditative state is a form of:
altered consciousness.
waking consciousness.
non-REM sleep.
convergent thinking.
17)
In the ____________, dreams are less realistic because they come not from the outside world of reality but from within people’s memories and experiences.
adaptive theory
activation-synthesis hypothesis
latent content theory
restorative theory
18)
Calvin Hall concluded that:
dreams prove that people have wild imaginations.
there are no gender differences when it comes to dreams.
most dreams reflect the events that occur in everyday life.
everyone dreams in black and white.
19)
The ________ of a dream is the actual dream itself.
latent content
repression
conflict
manifest content
20)
Nightmares are more common in children than in adults because _____.
growth hormones are released from the pituitary during non-REM sleep
children spend more of their sleep in the REM state
children suffer from lost sleep more often than adults
children have more vivid imaginations than adults
21)
Debbie’s psychoanalyst tells her that the monster in her dream symbolizes her abusive father. He is discussing the dream’s:
latent content.
actual content.
manifest content.
spiritual context.
22)
Niles has begun to fall asleep suddenly during the day, sometimes in inappropriate places. Niles is most likely suffering from:
narcolepsy.
insomnia.
not enough melatonin.
sleep apnea.
23)
Theodora suffers from an inability to get to sleep and to stay asleep. Which of the following would help Theodora with her insomnia?
spending some time in bed relaxing, reading or watching TV until she gets sleepy
trying various sleeping pills until she finds one that doesn’t cause REM rebound
watching the clock so she knows how much sleep she is actually getting
going to bed and getting up on a regular schedule
24)
On Sara’s walk to campus one morning, she was thinking about what a nice day it was, how many people were already on campus, and how she had to stop by the bookstore on her way to class. Sara was experiencing:
an altered state of consciousness.
insight.
a meditative state.
waking consciousness.
25) Derek was lying on the couch and had fallen asleep when all of a sudden his body jerked, and he woke up because he felt like he was falling. Derek was most likely in which stage of sleep?
N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4)
N1 (R&K Stage 1)
REM
N2 (R&K Stage 2)
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300-350 words only
DiscussionAs one step in the scientific method, after choosing a topic and forming a research question and hypothesis, researchers need to decide what type of research design they want to use. As you have learned during class, there are many different methods that a researcher could use. It can be helpful to think through the different options prior to determining what method to use. It is important to think of what is most needed from your study results when choosing what method to use. For example, is internal validity or external validity more important? As all methodologies have limitations, what are limitations that you can “live with” in regards to studying your research question? A researcher who wants to prioritize results that generalize to real world settings would likely want to prioritize strong external validity and be able to “live with” limitations to internal validity. A researcher who wants to be able to make strong causal inferences from the results would likely want to prioritize strong internal validity and be able to “live with” limitations to external validity.
Think of a topic of interest to you that involves comparing two groups of people. Then choose one of the following to answer:
A: Discuss how a quasi-experimental design could be used to study your topic.What is your research question, hypothesis, and target population?Why would a quasi-experimental design be better to use than other study methods for this topic?What are strengths and limitations of your study that result from using a quasi-experimental design?
B: Discuss how a single factor experimental design could be used to study your topic.What is your research question, hypothesis, and target population?Why would a single factor experimental design be better to use than other study methods for this topic?What are strengths and limitations of your study that result from using a single factor experimental design?
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Consider a person whom you are well-acquaited with and is suffering from a medical illness. Describe the biological illness, cause of disease, psychological and social correlates to the disease, perceived stress of the patient, and all components (multi-facetedpsychological, social, health behaviors, etc) of the patient’s treatment. Discuss your comprehensive treatment recommendations. Reflect on differences between how you previously viewed their illness and how you understand their illness given the information from this course.
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For this discussion, select one of the case vignettes from the presentationMulticultural Competence – Case Study from this unit’s first study and imagine that you are the counselor working with the clients or student in this situation. Identify the areas of multicultural competence needed for working with these clients or this student. Identity your personal values and beliefs. Detail how any biases you have might impact your reaction to the student or clients. What steps will you take to ensure ethical practice? Discuss the skills and intervention strategies you might need to work with these clients or this student? How will you gain this knowledge?
**CASE STUDY**
You are a staff counselor working at a community mental health clinic. Your caseload includes working clients from diverse backgrounds who have serious and chronic mental disorders. One of your clients, a 20-year-old man from Central Africa, has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. One day his parents are present when you make a home visit. They want to invite the extended family to a healing ceremony for their son and have asked a local shaman to perform a ritual to banish any bad spirits that are interfering with their son’s cure. Because you have been successful in establishing a relationship with their son, they respect you and want you to take part in the ceremony.
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