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5. 7 pages
6. 10% or less copy

Airline X depreciates its
airplanes over a 15-year period and estimates a salvage value of 10% of
the cost of the plane. At the same time, Airline Y depreciates identical
airplanes over a 25-year period and estimates a salvage value of 15% of
the cost of the plane. As expected, these different assumptions
resulted in different operating results. For example, if an airplane
costs $ 10 million, Airline X will depreciate $ 260,000 more per year
for 15 years than Airline Y.

Which company’s estimate of
useful life more closely reflects reality? Will you feel comfortable as a
passenger in a 25-year old airplane? Does the fact that Airline Y
subsequently went out of business provide any information as to why its
estimates were so substantially different from those of financially
sound Airline X?

these are 2 paragraphs reflections i need please a respond for each one so each respond must be 180 words

The first one :

This chapter talked about Jewish Americans. Jewish people have been hated on for an extremely long time which I didn’t know about. I knew that they were especially disliked in Europe but I didn’t realize that the hate for them began all the way in ancient times with Egypt and the Roman Empire. It later continued with Spain in the 1400s and then the attempted extermination of all of them by the Nazi’s. The book stated that they are the most widely oppressed racial/ethnic group in world history. Unfortunately that hasn’t changed that much in a recent poll in the US in 2009 most people blamed the Jews for the financial crisis that was going on and in 2009 as well a South Carolina republican stated that well-off Jews were penny Pinchers. This is just so crazy to me to think that people today are still holding Anti-Sematic views about the Jewish. I also knew that being Jewish was an ethnic background as well as a religious affiliation but I didn’t really know how people classified themselves by it so it was interesting to me to find out that traditionally Jew is defined by their matrilineal ancestry, meaning that their mother was Jewish but they can also identify themselves as Jewish being that they are apart of that specific group of people (ethnicity or religion). The Jews eventually were included into the “white race” and benefited from the white privileges they received earning them a spot in the white middle class. I also thought it was interesting to see the Black and Jewish relationship between the two groups. While they did have a lot of love for each other being that they are commonly the most oppressed groups, they did have some tension that resulted in the attacking of black people and the attacking of Jews as well. Nevertheless the groups still stuck together being that they share similar view points about civil rights and equality.

The Second one :

A few of the questions I had in reading chapter 5 were actually answered for me in later paragraphs. My first question was in regards to the Jewish-Black Relations section on pages 120-121. As I read it, it was interesting to me that Jewish and African Americans had hate for each other during times and I questioned if African Americans felt this way towards them because Jewish people were considered white and still had that superiority over them. This was answered to be true. Another question I had was if it is so important for the Jewish to focus on the future and the life of their religion, and there seemed to be a decline in participation, identification, marriages, and even amount of children being had, would we eventually see a great decline of the Jewish community? It also confused me reading about those declines since it was stated that the future and religion was held so strongly within the community. So why were younger generations fading it out? Since Jews have had such unforgiving treatments not only from the U.S., but worldwide, and have had such negative stereotypes placed about them, I guess one could say that the extreme oppression would have a great impact on why younger generations would not want to identify as being Jewish. But, that question was answered as well in that researchers have stated the Jewish community seems to be growing and there isn’t going to be a decline any time soon. Thinking about it, though, it is very sad to imagine the possibility of a religion/race dying out because of how people treated them. Especially after events such as the Holocaust, it is amazing to see how far the Jewish community has come and how they still continue to battle oppression to this day.

i have an article here I want you to read it and then answer the questions I provides within 500 words no less.

Please include the link of the research or any website.

::

In 2012, Citigroup’s shareholders shocked the bank’s managers by voting “no” on a pro-posed $ 15 million pay package for CEO Vikrim Pandit. In a so- called say- on- pay referendum, mandated by the new Dodd- Frank Act, a solid majority— 55 percent— of shareholders withheld approval of the compensation package. Although the vote was not binding, it clearly signaled to Citigroup’s board and CEO that shareholders were unhappy. “Here we have the majority of shareholders indicating frustration with the overall level of compensation for executives,” said a representative of the labor federation AFL- CIO. “If it can happen at Citigroup, it can happen anywhere.”

The target of this rebuke, Citigroup Inc., often called simply Citi, was a leading global bank. Citi had been formed from a series of financial megamergers, culminating with one with Travelers Group in 1998. At its core was a bank that served retail customers at 4,600 branches in the United States and around the world. Citigroup also served businesses and other institutional clients, providing investment banking, brokerage, and lending services. A separate unit called Citi Holdings, established after the financial crisis, included various unwanted assets that Citi was trying to divest. The bank was known worldwide by its logo: the word “citi” in blue lower- case type against a white background, with a red eyebrow connecting the two i’s.

During the financial crisis, Citi had had a near- death experience. Like many other banks at the time, Citi had purchased mortgages and other consumer loans and repackaged them into securities called collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs. It both sold these to investors and traded them for its own accounts— eventually acquiring over $ 40 billion worth of the risky instruments. Initially, the strategy was highly successful. But the game began to unravel in 2007, as the value of the CDOs on Citi’s books began to fall, and the firm was forced to announce billions of dollars of write- downs on bad assets. As the crisis deepened in late 2008 and 2009, the U. S. government provided Citi with a series of multimillion-dollar cash infusions in an effort to stave off total collapse of the bank. Since then, Citi had struggled to recover, gradually divesting itself of its risky assets and paying back its government loans.

Under Section 951 of the Dodd- Frank Act— passed by lawmakers in response to the financial crisis— public companies were required to give shareholders an opportunity to cast advisory votes at least once every three years on the compensation of top executives. (Companies with a market capitalization below $ 75 million were exempt until 2013.) The Council of Institutional Investors strongly supported this provision, saying that say- on- pay votes provided boards with useful shareholder feedback and could serve as a “starting point for dialog on excessive or poorly structured executive pay.” In 2011, the first year Section 951 was in effect, shareholders approved most compensation packages; say- on- pay resolutions won, on average, 92 percent support, and were rejected outright in only about 2 percent of elections.

The executive pay package shareholders were asked to vote on at Citi was complex. For 2011, Pandit was awarded a base salary of $ 1.7 million and a cash bonus of $ 5.3 million. At the time of the vote, Pandit had already received these payments. The remainder of the $ 15 million package was to be paid over the following four years, partly in stock and partly in cash. Neither his deferred compensation nor his job was guaranteed.

In its proxy statement, the board defended its proposal by noting that Pandit, who had taken over as CEO in late 2007, had “led Citi’s return to profitability and . . . positioned the company for future growth.” It pointed out that the bank’s net income in 2011 was $ 11 billion, an increase of 4 percent over the prior year, and that the bank had enjoyed eight consecutive quarters of profitability. Citi had repaid its government loans. Moreover, the board noted, much of the compensation was deferred and subject to meeting performance targets. Although they did not mention it in the proxy statement, directors were certainly well aware that Pandit had drawn a salary of just $ 1 a year in 2009 and 2010, reflecting Citi’s precarious state.

But many shareholders— including several large institutional investors— disputed the board’s logic. Two proxy advisory firms, Institutional Shareholders Services (ISS) and Glass, Lewis and Co., recommended that their clients vote “no” on Citi’s pay proposals, citing the misalignment of pay with shareholder returns. Several big public pension funds and institutional asset management firms agreed and cast their votes accordingly. Their main complaint, said a representative of CalPERS, the California public pension fund, was that “the bank has not anchored rewards to performance.” The bank’s shares had declined more than 90 percent since 2006, and Citi had recently failed a “stress test” by the Federal Reserve to see if the bank had sufficient reserves to withstand a severe downturn. An analysis by Forbes ranked Citi’s performance in the bottom three of 17 U. S. banks.

After the vote, the bank’s chairman called the shareholder rejection “a serious matter” and said the board would listen to the shareholders’ concerns. The directors’ options were limited, however. They could either ignore the vote or change the CEO’s compensation package. The latter course was complicated, however, because about $ 7 million had already been paid out, and most observers thought Pandit was unlikely to give back his earnings voluntarily. The board also faced a risk of litigation. At several other firms, no- on- pay votes had been followed by shareholder lawsuits charging that the board had wasted their money on excessive compensation. Because the Dodd- Frank Act was so new, legal precedents were few, and the outcome of such lawsuits difficult to predict.

“It’s time to roll up your sleeves, go back to the drawing board and come back to share-holders with long- term performance targets, risk- adjusted, that really make sense,” declared a representative of CalPERS.

Sources: “Citigroup’s CEO Rebuffed on Pay by Shareholders,” The New York Times, April 17, 2012; “Citigroup Has Few Options After Pay Vote,” The New York Times, April 18, 2012; “Citi Cleans Out Closet,” The Wall Street Journal, October 4, 2011; “Citigroup Investors Reject Pay Plan,” The Wall Street Journal, April 17, 2012; “Citigroup Shareholders’ Vote on Exec Pay Sends a Message,” Los Angeles Times, April 18, 2012; PBS NewsHour, “Citigroup Shareholders Assert Say Over CEO’s Pay,” April 18, 2012, at www.pbs.org/newshour; “Enhanced Investor Protection after the Financial Crisis,” testimony of Anne Simpson, Senior Portfolio Manager Global Equities, CalPERS, before the U. S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, July 12, 2011; and Institutional Shareholder Services, “2011 U. S. Postseason Report,” September 29, 2011. Citigroup’s website is at www.citigroup.com; its proxy statements are available in the investor relations portion of the site.

Discussion Questions

1. Do you agree with the provision of the Dodd- Frank Act that mandates advisory share-holder votes on executive compensation? Why or why not?

2. What are the arguments for and against the proposed executive compensation package at Citigroup? Do you agree or disagree with the proposed package, and why or why not?

3. What were the interests of institutional shareholders in this matter, and why did so many of them vote against the proposed package? If you were an individual shareholder, how would you have voted?

4. What do you think the board of directors should do now that a majority of shareholders have rejected the proposed pay package?

Use the Venn Diagrams below to identify and compare/contrast the
different types of media that could be used to create art. Each circle
represents one specific media type. List qualities that are unique to
that media type in these circles. Common elements of the media types are
represented by the areas where the circles overlap in the middle. Media
types to choose from include painting, drawing, sculpture, photography,
mixed media, and printmaking. Using the information you have listed
within the Diagrams, write a 2-3 paragraph summary for each comparison
set (Venn Diagram) which further explains and analyzes the similarities
and differences between each media type analyzed.